状语从句语法及习题

状语从句（高考）1.时间状语从句常用引导词when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until特殊引导词everytime/eachtime每次,immediately/themoment一---就---,whenitcomesto---说到---等，thefirst/lasttime第一次1)Iwilltellhimwhenhecomesback.他回来时我就告诉他。2）Iwilltellhimassoonashecomesback.他一回来我就把这个消息告诉他。=Iwilltellhimthemomenthecomesback.=Iwilltellhimimmediatelyhecomesback.Becareful!Themachinestarts__.themomentyoupress___(你一按)thebutton.(moment)3）EachtimeImeethim,hewillsayHellotome.每次我见到他，他都会向我问好。EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.每次我听你的意见，我都会陷入困境。4）while引导的时间状从，从句中必须是延续性动词Whilehewasreading,hiswifewascooking.他看书时，他妻子烧饭。5）till(一般不放在句首)until肯定形式表示“做某事直到某时”，动词必须是延续动词。否定形式表示“直至某时才做某事”动词一般为非延续性动词Isleptuntilmidnight.=Ididn`twakeupuntilmidnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。WaittillIcallyou.=Don`tleavetillIcallyou.等着我叫你。Don`tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.公共汽车停稳了再下车。Shedidn`tarriveuntil8o`clock.她直到8点才到。=Shearrivednotuntil8o`clock.=Notuntil8o`clockdidshearrive.=Itwasnotuntil8o`clockthatshearrived.6）since从句，自从---以来Shehasnevercalledonme,sinceshemovedtothecountry.自从她搬到乡下以来就未来看过我。Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincewebegantousethemachine.我们使用这部机器已经有两年了。=Webegantousethemachinetwoyearsago.=Wehaveusedthemachinefortwoyears.注意：(1)Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since引导的时间状语从句(自从做某事已经有多长时间了)Itis/hasbeenalongtimesincewegotmarried.自从我们结婚以来已经有很长时间了。=Wehavebeenmarriedforalongtime.=Wegotmarriedalongtimeago.注意：（2）Itwillbe/was＋一段时间＋before从句(多久之后才……before引导时间状语从句)。Itwill(not)bealongtimebeforehecomesback.他很久以后/不久就会回来。Itwasthreeyearsbeforehecameback.三年以后她回来了。=Hecamebackafterthreeyears.Itwillbethreeyearsbeforehecomesback.三年以后他才会回来。=Hewillcomebackinthreeyears.7）Whenitcomestotennis,youcan`tbeather.说到网球，你是赢不了她的。8）ThefirsttimeIsawhim,heisstillachild.我第一次见到他时，他还是个孩子。9）bedoing—when—正在—突然—had(just)done—when—刚刚---突然---beabouttodo—when—正要干—突然—Wewerehavingdinnerwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.Ihadjustgonetobed,whenthetelephonerang.我刚上床电话铃响了。Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.我刚要出门天开始下雨了。10．as随着---Astimewentby/passed,herhairgrewgray.随着时间的流逝她的头发变得花白了。=Withtimegoingby/passing,herhairgrewgray.2.地点状语从句，常用引导词whereGenerally,airwillbepollutedwheretherearefactories.一般来说，有工厂的地方空气就会受到污染。注意：where不能换成inwhichHeliveswhereIusedtowork.他住在我原来工作的地方。3.原因状语从句，常用引导词because与why对应,since既然/由于，常放在句首,as常表示众所周知的原因,for不是说明直接原因而是加以推断Since/Nowthateveryoneishere,let`sbegin.既然每个人都到了我们就开始吧。特别引导词nowthat=since既然，一般放在句首Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.由于天气那么差我们不得不推迟旅行。Heisabsenttoday,becauseheisill.他今天没来因为他病了。Hemustbeill,forheisabsent.他肯定是病了因为他没来。4.目的状语从句，常用引导词sothat,inorderthat特别引导词incase以防forthepurposethat为了Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothat/inorderthat/forthepurposethathecouldsignthem.老板要秘书快点处理信件以便他能签字。Takeataxtincaseyouarelateforthemeeting.坐出租车去免得开会迟到。5.结果状语从句，常用引导词so+形容词或副词+that---,such+名词+that---如此的---以至于---,但somany/much/few/little（少）+名词+that---,sucha+形容词+名词（可数名词单数）+that---=so+形容词+a+名词（可数名词单数）Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.他起的那么早以至于赶上了头班车。Itissuchgoodweatherthatweallwanttogooutplaying.这么好的天气我们都想出去玩。Therearesomanypeopleinthestreetthatwecan`twalkfast.街上有那么多人以至于我们走不快。Heissuchayoungboythathecan`tgotoschool.他是那么小的男孩不能上学。=Heissoyoungaboythathecan`tgotoschool.=Theboyissoyoungthathecan`tgotoschool.=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.6.条件状语从句，常用引导词if,unless除非特别引导词as/solongas只要onconditionthat条件是Let`sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.=Ifyouarenottootired,let`sgooutforawalk.你如果不太累让我们出去散会儿步。Youwillcertainlysucceedso/aslongasyoukeepontrying.只要你坚持努力一定会成功。Iwilllendyouthebikeonconditionthatyoumustkeepitclean.我把自行车借给你条件是你一定要保持它干净。7.让步状语从句，常用引导词though/although虽然,eventhough/evenif即使特别引导词as（虽然）用在让步从句中必须倒装，提到句首的名词前不能有冠词while（虽然）,nomatter---,wherever,whenever等Although/thoughit`sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.虽然天下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。=Itisraining,buttheyarestillworkinginthefield.Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingevenif/eventhoughtheweatherisrough.即使天不好那位老人总是喜欢游泳。MuchasIrespecthim,Ican`tagreetohisproposal.虽然我很尊敬他，我不能同意他的建议。=ThoughIrespecthim,Ican`tagreetohisproposal.Childasheis,hespeaksEnglishwell.=Thoughheisachild,hespeaksEnglishwell.他虽然是个小孩，英语说得却很好。Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,hewon`tlisten.=Whateveryousay,hewon`tlisten.无论你说什么他都不会听。WhileIunderstandyourviewpoint,Ican`tagreewithyou.虽然我理解你的观点，我还是不能同意你。8.比较状语从句，常用引导词as同级比较than不同程度比较特别引导词the+比较级---，the+比较级（越---就越---），倍数表达法Thehouseisaslargeasthatone.Thehouseisnotas/solargeasthatone.=Thehouseissmallerthanthatone.Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.你越是锻炼就越会健康。倍数表达法1)倍数+as+原级+as--Theroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.2)倍数+比较级+than---Theroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.3)倍数+the+size/height/length/width+of---Theroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.8.方式状语从句，常用引导词as像---一样特别引导词asif/asthough好像—当时—用过去式，好像干过—用过去完成时PleasetrytopronouncethewodasIdo.请跟我发这个单词的音。Hetalks/talkedasif,asthoughhewasmyfather.他谈起话来就像是我爸爸。（不是我爸爸）Hetalks/talkedasif/asthoughhehadbeenthere.他谈起话来就像去过那儿。（没去过）注意：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看上去要下雨了。（符合事实）7.as用法小结1）当---时候As/WhenIwaswalkingdownthestreet,anAmericaaskedmefordirectionstotheneareststation.当我走在街上时，有个美国人问我往最近的车站怎么走。2)一边—一边---Hesangsongsashewastakingabath.他一边洗澡一边唱歌。3）随着---Asshegre