高考英语近三年真题语法精讲精练：专题9-省略句和强调句

第1页（共6页）山东世纪金榜科教文化股份有限公司专题省略句和强调句一、省略考点一不定式中的省略1．感官动词或使役动词(feel，notice，see，hear，let，make，have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。Iheardmyfathersinginthekitchen.2．在由and或or连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的to。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.3．在某些形容词(如：glad，happy，pleased等)后面时常保留to而省略上文已提到的动词原形。—Willyoujoinusinthegame?—I'dbegladto.4．在donothingbut，can'thelpbut，whynot，wouldrather...than...，hadbetter等句型中省略to。Thelittleboycoulddonothingbutcry.5．to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式中有have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。Susanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.考点二定语从句中的省略1．在限制性定语从句中，如果关系代词that，which，whom作从句中的宾语，可将关系代词省略。Doyouknowtheman(whom)ourteacherspoketo?2．先行词theway(关系词作状语)，time(次数)后的定语从句常省略关系词。Idon'tliketheway(inwhich/that)hespoketoothers.Ican'trememberhowmanytimes(that)Ihavefailed.考点三状语从句中的省略1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语动词含有be时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。When(hewas)young，hehelpedhisparentsdoalotofhousework.2．当从句的主语是it，谓语动词是be动词时，可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词(if，unless，when，whenever)＋形容词”的结构。Though(itwas)cold，hestillworeashirt.Pleasecallmeif(itis)necessary.3．ifso/not省略句式中，用so/not代替上文的内容。Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(＝Ifyoudon'tgetupearly)，youwillmisstheearlybus.二、强调考点一强调句型的基本结构1．强调句型“Itis/was＋被强调的成分＋that/who＋其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等除谓语之外的成分。it在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换第2页（共6页）山东世纪金榜科教文化股份有限公司用who(强调宾语指人时也可用whom)。其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。ItisIwho/thatamfromAmerica.2．强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时、将来时的其他各种形式时，就用Itis...，表达过去时的各种形式时，用Itwas...。ItwashimthatImetonthestreetyesterday.考点二强调句型的特殊结构1．一般疑问句：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(用陈述语序)WasitTomthatwonthefirstprize?2．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋该句的其余部分，that后只能使用陈述语序。Whenwasitthatyoumetthepopstar?3．在“not...until”强调结构中，由until所引导的短语或从句作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It＋is/was＋notuntil...＋that＋该句的其余部分，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。ItwasnotuntilyoucamebackthatIfinishedthework.考点三强调句与定语从句，主语从句，宾语从句的区别强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”，即把“Itis/was...that/who”去掉，如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。1．强调句与定语从句的区别定语从句中that是充当从句的成分的，而在强调结构中，that无任何意义。ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday.(强调句，that无意义)Itwasthestreetthathetookaphotoof.(定语从句，that充当从句中of的宾语)2．强调句与主语从句的区别主语从句中it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，去掉itbe和that句式不完整。若为强调句式，去掉之后句式完整。Itisafactthatheisanhonestman.(主语从句)Itishethatisanhonestman.(强调句)3．强调句与状语从句的区别尤其出现“itbe＋时间”时，一定要区分是强调句还是时间状语从句。Itwaseighto'clockwhenhecameback.(时间状语从句)Itwasateighto'clockthathecameback.(强调句)考点四do表强调1．在一般句型中，do(does，did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，且需符合下列两个条件：一是句子是肯定句；二是句子中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般过去时。此时的do可译为“真的”“果真”“的确”“确实”等。Youdolooknicetoday.你今天看起来真的很漂亮。第3页（共6页）山东世纪金榜科教文化股份有限公司2．在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使对对方的邀请更加客气、热情、友好、亲切，此时的do可译为“务”“务必”等。Pleasedositdown.务请坐下。1．(2012·上海高考)—Wasitbycuttingdownstaff______shesavedthefirm?—No，itwasbyimprovingworkefficiency.A．whenB．whatC．howD．that2．(2012·重庆高考)Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlantic______ZhengHehadsailedtoEastAfrica.A．whenB．thatC．afterD．since3．(2012·湖南高考)ItwasnotuntilIcamehere______Irealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.A．whoB．thatC．whereD．before4．(2011·陕西高考)Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo______benefitsourworkmost.A．whoB．whichC．thatD．what5．(2011·重庆高考)—HaveyouseenthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?—Ofcourse，Ihave.Itwasinourvillage______itwasmade.A．thatB．whereC．whenD．which6．(2011·湖南高考)It'snotwhatwedoonceinawhile______shapesourlives，butwhatwedoconsistently.A．whichB．thatC．howD．when7．(2011·全国高考Ⅱ)Itwasanicemeal，______alittleexpensive.A．thoughB．whetherC．asD．since8．(2011·江苏高考)Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar'sengine.______，we'dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.A．OtherwiseB．IfnotC．ButforthatD．Ifso9．(2013·河北保定八校联考)Yououghttohavethoughtofthat，butyou______.A．haven'tB．didn'tC．don'tD．can't10．(2013成都高新区统一测试)—Isawyouruncletakeataxitotheairport.Whydidn'tyoudrivehimthere?—I______.Butmycar______.A．would；wasfixedB．wouldhave；wasfixedC．wouldhave；wasbeingfixedD．did；wasbeingfixed11．—HaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?第4页（共6页）山东世纪金榜科教文化股份有限公司—Perhapsnotinmymemory.______，itmighthavebeenduringmyearlychildhood.A．IfanyB．IfeverC．IfnotD．Ifpossible12．(2013·辽宁鞍山模拟)Insummer，foodwillgobadif______inroomtemperature.A．leavingB．leftC．beingleftD．havingleft13．(2013·北京朝阳期中)—Hedidn'tfeelabitnervouswhen______.—No.He'dspentalotoftimepreparingforitafterall.A．interviewingB．interviewedC．havinginterviewedD．tobeinterviewed14．(2013·福建三明期中)—______youwritesowell?—Byreadingandkeepingdiarieseveryday.A．HowisitB．WhatisitC．HowisitthatD．Whatisitthat15．(2013·山西山大附中期中)—WillyougotoseethemovieASimpleNoodleStorytomorrowevening?—No，Iamgoingtoalecture，oratleastIamplanning______.A．toB．soC．goD．that16．(2013·甘肃天水模拟)Canyoutellme______itwas______yourbrother'scellphonewaslost?A．where；thatB．which；thatC．that；whereD．where；which17．(2013·河北邯郸质检)—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?—Yes，______，I'mgoingtovisitanoldfriendinthecity.A．IfeverB．IfbusyC．IfanythingD．Ifpossible18．(2013·四川成都外国语学校月考)Havinganoutdoormealisalwaysfun，butitcanalsobedamagingtotheplanetif______.A．plannednotcarefullyB．notplanningcarefullyC．notplannedcarefullyD．nottobeplannedcarefully19．Whywas______thattheol