高中英语语法-直接引语和间接引语

直接引语与间接引语（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）直接引语(directspeech)：直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内间接引语(indirectspeech)：用自己的话转述别人的话间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句4类别：•类别1:直接引语为祈使句•类别2:直接引语为陈述句•类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句•类别4:直接引语为一般疑问句类别1:直接引语为祈使句当祈使句是肯定句时，使用.当祈使句是否定句时，使用.ask/tellsb.todosthask/tellsb.nottodostheg.把下列直接引语改为间接引语Hesaidtome,“openthewindow,please.”Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.Theteachersaidtothestudents,”Stoptalking!“Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.注意：一般情况下，1、通常直接引语里含有please表示请求：使用asksb(not)todosth2、直接引语里不含please表示命令，建议等语气：使用tell/order/advisesb(not)todosth1.Mothersaidtohim,‘don’tcry!’→Motherhimcry.2.Isaidtohimyesterday,‘pleasecomeearly.’→YesterdayI_______himearly.Now,let’scheck:toldnottoaskedtocome类别2:直接引语为陈述句1.用连词来引导间接引语2.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化that类别2:直接引语为陈述句一、人称的变化规律eg1.把下列直接引语改为间接引语Shesaid,“Iliketennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.结论1：当直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。巧记为：一随主HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.eg2.把下列直接引语改为间接引语结论2：当直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。巧记为：二随宾Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.eg3.把下列直接引语改为间接引语结论3：当直接引语的主语为第三人称时，变间接引语后人称不变。巧记为：三不变类别2:直接引语为陈述句二、时态的变化规律结论1：如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化。Hesays,‘‘Iwilldoittomorrow.”eg1.把下列直接引语改为间接引语Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow.eg2.把下列直接引语改为间接引语Hesaid,“Iamateacher.”Hesaidhewasateacher.结论2：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句要用与过去相关的时态。直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时不变（过去完成时）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时态的变化直接引语间接引语Hesaid，“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthework.”Hesaid，“I’musingtheknife.”Shesaid，“I’venotheardfromhimsinceMay.”Hesaid，“Icametohelpyou.”Shesaid，“I’lldoitafterclass.”Hesaid，“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedthehomeworkbeforesupper.Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthework.Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.eg3.把下列直接引语改为间接引语Theteachersaid,Theearthgoesroundthesun.Theteachersaid（that）theearthgoesroundthesun.结论3：直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时,变间接引语时时态不变。Whendirectspeechisabout:a)atruth真理b)atimetable时间表c)asaying/proverb/quotation格言/引用语d)Anadverbialindicatingthepast过去的时间状语Therearesomecasesinwhichwedon’tneedtochangethetenseinindirectspeech.1.Hesaid,“theearthisround.”2.Hesaid,“Thetrainleavesat7:30p.m.”3.Hesaid,“Romeisn’tbuiltinaday.”4.Tomsaid,“IwasborninJuly,1978.”Changedirectspeechintoindirectspeech:Hesaidthattheearthisround.Hesaidthatthetrainleavesat7:30p.m.HesaidthatRomeisn’tbuiltinaday.TomsaidhewasborninJuly,1978.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotoday/tonighttomorrowthatthosethenbefore/earlierthatday/thatnightthenext/followingday直接引语间接引语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaycomebringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforegotakethere类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句1、引导词为.2、疑问语序要改成.（疑问词+主语+谓语+其他成分）3、人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变)4、时态的变化(主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。)疑问词陈述句语序1.‘Whendoesthetrainarrive?’Pleasetellme.→Pleasetellmethetrain.2.‘Whattimedidhegetuptoday?’Idon’tknow.．→Idon’tknowwhattimeuptoday.Now,let’scheck:whenarriveshegot3.Heasked,“What’sthematter?”→Heasked___________________.whatwasthematter★“What’sthematter?”“What’swrong?”“What’sthetrouble?”变间接引语语序不变。类别4:直接引语为一般疑问句1、用连词引导2、语序要改成.3、人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变)4、时态的变化(主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。)if/whether陈述句语序“DoyoulikeEnglish?”JimaskedTom.eg.把下列直接引语改为间接引语JimaskedTomif/whetherhelikedEnglish.JimaskedTomwhetherhelikedEnglishornot.结论：当句中用了whether…ornot或whether…or…时,不能用if来替换whether。“DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?”JimaskedTom.JimaskedTomwhetherhelikedEnglishorChinese.1.“Isyourmotheradoctor?”Lucyaskedme.→Lucyaskedmeadoctor.2.Hesaid.,”Didyouseethegirl?”→Heasked_____thegirlornot.Now,let’scheck:ifmymotherwaswhetherIhadseenKeytoP.5Ex.21.Annesaidthatshedidn’tknowtheaddressofhernewhome.2.Annetoldherfatherthatshehadgottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows.3.Thegirlsaidthatsheneededtopackupherthingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly.4.Herfatheraskedherwhyshehadchosenherdiaryandoldletters.5.“Areyouveryhotwithsomanyclotheson?”Motherasked/saidtoher.6.“Whatelsehaveyouhiddenunderyourovercoat?”Margotaskedher.7.“Whenshallwegobackhome?”Anneaskedherfather.8.“Whydidyoutalksomuchtothatboy?”FatheraskedAnne.Thankyouforlistening!Bye-bye!