(完整版)七年级下册英语语法

1七年级下册英语语法：一．情态动词的用法（1）Can情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:1.表示能、会,指脑力或体力方面的能力。例如:IcanspeakEnglish.我会讲英语。JimcanswimbutIcan't.吉姆会游泳,但我不会。2.表示可能,常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。例如:HanMeican'tbeintheclassroom.韩梅不可能在教室里。Canhecomeheretoday,please?请问他今天能到这里来吗？3.表示可以,常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。例如:CanIhaveacupoftea,please?请问我可以喝一杯茶吗？Youcangoout.你可以出去了？补充:①can在口语中可以代替may,表示许可或可以。②can't在口语中代替mustn't时,表示禁止或不准。例如:Youcan'tplayfootballinthestreet.不准在马路上踢足球。③情态动词can的过去式could,用于现在时,可使语气更委婉、更客气。例如:CouldyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?你能帮助我学习英语吗？情态动词can的基本句型1.肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如:Theycanplaybasketball.他们能打篮球。Shecandance.她会跳舞。YoucangotowatchTV.你可以去看电视了。2.否定句型为:主语+cannot(can't/cannot)+动词原形+其它。表示某人不能(不会。不可能)做……。其中can't是cannot的缩略式,英国多写成cannot。例如:Youcannotpasstheballlikethis.你不能像这样传球。Ican'trideamotorbike.我不会骑摩托车。3.疑问句句型分为:一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型。⑴一般疑问句句型为:Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示某人会(能。可以)做……吗？,用于口语时,常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用Yes,主语+can.作答;否定答语用No,主语+can't.作答。注意答语中作主语的人称代词,应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问,则第一人称答;第三人称问,第三人称答。例如:2①-CanyousinganEnglishsongforus?你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗？-Yes.行。(注意在Yes后面常省略Ican)②-CanIskate?我可以滑冰吗？-Yes,youcan.可以。③-Cansheclimbhills?她能爬山吗?-No,shecan't.不,她不能。⑵特殊疑问句句型为:a.Who+can+动词原形+其它。该句型中who相当于主语。例如:-WhocansinginEnglishinyourclass?你们班上谁会用英语唱歌？-Lilycan.莉莉会。b.特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用howmany,howmuch等。例如:-Howmanyboatscanyouseeintheriver?你能看见河中有多少只船吗？-Onlyoneboat.仅有一只。c.特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what,where,when等,一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如:-Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在图画中看到什么？-Icanseesomebirdsandtwobigtreesinit.我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树。Ⅰ.单项选择（15分）（）1.Mysisterlikesplayingtheguitar,butshecan’tplay______.A.niceB.goodC.well（）2.—Areyougood____swimming?—Yes,andIthinkIcanhelpkids___it.A.with;inB.with;withC.at;with3.Hewants______theEnglishclub.A.tojoinB.tobeC.bein（）4.Myfathercan’tplay______basketball.Hecanplay______piano.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/（）5.—Whydoyouwantto______theEnglishclub?BecauseMrLiintheclubisgood___us.A.have;withB.join;withC.join;at（）6.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikeplayingbasketball_______watchingTV.A.andB.butC.or（）7.—CanyouspeakChinese,Tom?—Yes,butonly______.A.lotsofB.manyC.alittle3（）8.—_______doyouwanttojoin?—Themusicclub.A.WhatclubB.WhenC.What（）9.Hi!CanIhelpyou?__.Iwanttojointheclub.A.No,thanksalotB.GreatC.Yes,please（）10.—___?—HecandoChinesekungfuwell.A.CanhedoChinesekungfuB.WhatcanhedoC.DoeshewanttojointheChinesekungfuclub()11.---Whatcanyoudo?---Ican_____.A.playtheguitarB.playviolinC.swimmingD.jointheclub()12.---CanTomhelpkids_____swimming?--Yes,can.A.xB.withC.forD.to()13.---___doyouwanttojointhechessclub?---BecauseIlikechessverymuch.A.WhoB.HowC.WhyD.What()14.Whatisthefirstdayoftheweek?A.MondayB.FridayC.SaturdayD.Sunday()15.Icanswimwell.Iwanttojointhe___club.AmusicBchessCswimmingD、musician1．Ginawantstoj________themusicclub.2．Canyous________English?3．Icanplaytheguitarbutcan’tplaythep________.4.Canyouh________kidswithswimming?用所给单词适当形式填空41.—Canyouhelpkidswith_____(dance)?—Yes,Ican.42.Theywant_____(join)thebaseballclub.43.Canyou_____(sing)?44.Thegirllikesmusic.Shewantstobea______(music).45.Doyouwanttojointhe_______(swim)club?446.Areyougoodwith______(kid),Jim?47Hewantstojointhe____(dance)club.48.Shecan_______(play)basketball.49.Shecanhelp______(I)with______(I)English.50.Ineed______(buy)apen?现在进行时1.定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。常与now,thesedays等时间状语连用，句首有Look!/Listen!等提示语。I’mvisitingmyfriendsnow.Look!Heissittingthere.2.基本结构：be动词(am,is,are)+动词的现在分词构成（动词-ing）肯定句：be+doing否定句：be+notdoing一般疑问句：Be动词提前到句子开头+主语+doing记忆口诀：现在进行主动宾，be+动词-ing要记清;助动词(am,is,are)跟着主语变，am,is,are+-ing;变疑问，助动词(am,is,are)后主语跟，变否定，助动词(am,is,are)后not跟。例句：肯定句：Iamworking.Heisworking.Theyareworking.否定句：Iamnotworking.Heisnotworking.Theyarenotworking.疑问句：Areyouworking?Isheworking?Aretheyworking?回答：Yes,Iam.Yes,heis.Yes,theyare.No,I’mnot.No,heisn’t.No,theyaren’t.注意：现在进行时的特殊用法：1）现在进行时与always连用时，往往含有赞扬、厌恶、责备等感情色彩。如：Heisalwaysworkinghard.他总是非常努力地工作。(表示赞扬)2）come,go,begin,start,leave等动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。SheisleavingChinatomorrow.I'mgoingtoschool.3.现在分词的变法规则：当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：sing-singing,see-seeing,play-playing,go-going,do-doing,二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：write-writing,have-having,come–coming来；close-closing关；make–making制造ride–riding骑；write-writing写;take-taking拿走;have–having有；5三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning;sit-sitting；cut–cutting切;shop-shopping购物；begin-beginning开始forget-forgetting忘记；stop-stopping停止travel-travelling旅行；begin—beginning开始;swim—swimming游泳；run—running跑步;put—putting放；let—letting让；get—getting得到四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于现在进行时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式stay_____do______listen______forget______refuse______close_______travel______die______work_____spend_____look______make____put______sit_____run____tie_______take____give_______ride_______please______win______begin____open____lie___二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.MaryandLucyare________(dance)now.2.Listen!Someoneis_______(play)thepianointhenextroom.3.Heis__________(sweep)theflooratthemoment.4.Look!Thecat________________(eat)thefishonthetable.5.