初中英语语法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级简单记法

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下(1)符合规则的：(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：一分为二有两个，一是远来一是老。合二为一共三对，坏病两多并两好。还有一词双意含，只译少来不译小。原级比较级最高级farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostgood/wellbetterbestlittlelessleast二．形容词和副词比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例句备注原级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像……一样)Artisasinterestingasmusic.Playaswellasyoucan.否定形式not+so(as)+原级+as(不如……那样)Englishisnotsodifficultasscience.ShedoesnotstudysowellasIdo.情况加法例词一般情况直接加-er;-estall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加–r;-stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er;-estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er;-estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加more;mostmoredeliciousmostdelicious比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比……)JimisolderthanLuky.Ilikeporkbetterthanbeef.比较级前面可以加much,far,even,still,alot,alittle,abit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越……）The+比较级，the+比较级（越……,越……）Heisgrowingtallerandtaller.Hestudiesbetterandbetter.Themorebooksshereads,thebettersheunderstand.最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The+最高级+of(in)(最……)Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.LinTaojumped(the)farthestofall.副词最高级前面的the往往省略注意：有些形容词，如dead,empty,round,sure,woolen等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。例题解析1.Heis________friendsthanI.A.muchmoreB.manymoreC.verymoreD.toomore解析：后面有可数名词复数时，many的比较级形式为manymore修饰。应选B.2.Whichisthe_________country,JapanorAustralia?A.moredevelopedB.moredevelopingC.mostdevelopedD.mostdeveloping解析：两者比较用比较级,表示发达用developed,而developing是发展中的意思3．Therewere_______shopsinthecityin1982thanin1990.A.littleB.fewC.fewerD.less解析：little不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级，所以应选C.4.Ifyouarenotfreetoday,comeanotherday_______A.tooB.soC.insteadD.yet解析：instead作副词用时意为代替，顶替，表示前面的事情没做，而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.5．Hecan'ttellus________,Ithink.A.importantanythingB.anythingimportantC.importantsomethingD.somethingimportant.解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something.因此应选B6.TheHuangRiveristhesecond__________riverinourcountry.A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest解析：定冠词the+序数词+形容词最高级表示第几大……应选C.7.Thelightintheofficewasn't________forhimtoread.A.enoughbrightB.brightenoughC.brightlyD.enoughbrightly解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后，修饰形容词或副词时，要后置。应选B.8.Therewasanaccidentatthecorner.________,thegirlwasn't_________hurt.A.luckily,badlyB.luck,hardlyC.Lucky,heavilyD.Lucky,strongly解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词，因此选A.9.Youmustkeepyoureyes_________whenyoudoeyeexercises.A.closeB.openC.closedD.,opened解析:此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。应选C.10.Fivedayshaspassed,butIhaven'tfinishedhalfofthework.________,A.alreadyB.stillC.tooD.yet解析：already与yet都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句，而yet常用与否定句。应选D.三．形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法（1）和冠词连用the＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物the＋形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，eg.theyoungerofthetwoa/an＋形容词比较级eg.Thepenisexpensive.Iwantacheaperone.(a)＋most＋形容词最高级“非常…”eg.amostbeautifulcity(2)相关结构1)原级比较：肯定句as….as….,否定句notso/as….as…..2)比较句：比较级＋than….或more(less)….than…..Thefurnitureinthisshopislessbeautifulthanthatinthatshop.(注意代词that的用法)3)比较级＋and＋比较级或moreandmore＋比较级“越来越…”richerandricher,moreandmoreinteresting4)Themore…..,themore…..“越…，越…”Themoreyoulookatthepicture,thebetteryouwilllikeit.5)比较级＋thananyother＋n.（单）（适用于范围一致时）(all)other＋n.（复）any＋n.(单)（适用于范围不一致时）Heistallerthananyotherstudent/allotherstudentsinhisclass.anystudentinmyclass.6)倍数表达法。Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。7)more…than…结构，其意往往是…ratherthan…，可译为“是……而不是……”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是……，不如说是……”。Thatlittlegirlismoretiredthanhungry.那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。Sheismoreamotherthanawife或Sheismoreofamotherthanawife.她是贤妻，更是良母。8)AistoBwhatCistoDA和B的关系就像C和D的关系Airistomanwhatwateristofish.空气对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。9)nomorethan=only“只不过”，言其少notmorethan=atmost“不多于”，“至少”，指事实。nomore…than…和…一样不…如单音节使用比较级形式notmore…than…不比…更…nolessthan=asmuchas“多达”nofewerthan=asmanyas例：Ihavenomorethanfiveyuaninmypocket.我口袋里的钱只不过5元。Ihavenotmorethanfiveyuaninmypocket.我口袋里的钱不多于5元。HeisnoricherthanI.他和我一样穷。Heisnolessdeterminedthanyou.他的决心不亚于你。(nolessdeterminedthan等于“其决心不亚于你”，言其大)Heisnotlessdeterminedthanyou.他的决心不比你小。(notlessdeterminedthan等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义)10)最高级＋of/in/among….Heisthetallestofthethree/amongthem/inisclass.四．相关词语辨析1.very和muchA）very修饰形容词、副词的原级；much修饰比较级；修饰动词用much或verymuch,eg.IverylikeEnglish.(×),因改为：IlikeEnglishverymuch.B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。averyfrightenedboy,averytiredchild.一般的情况下，以-ed结尾的分词多用much、verymuch/greatly等修饰。如：Weweregreatly/muchshockedbythenewsaboutTom..C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：veryinteresting/worrying/excitingD）too前用much/far,不用very。Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.另外，在toomany/much,toofew/little前用far。We’vegotfartoomanyeggsandfartoofeweggcups.E)还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much.eg.bewellworthdoing,bewellabovethetree2.so和suchA)so…that…与such…that…的区别。so+形容词/副词+that…so+形容词+a（n）+单数可数名词+that…so+many/much/little/few+名词+that…such+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+that…such+形容词+不可数名词+that…such+形容词+复数名词+that…注意：但当little表示“小”时用such。如：Thesearesuchlittleboysthattheycan’tdressthemselves.下列so的用法是错误的：soadifficultproblem,sodifficultproblems,sohotweather