毕业设计北京市地铁客运安全应急方案分析研究

本科毕业设计（20届）北京市地铁客运安全应急方案分析研究Beijingsubwaypassengersafetyemergencyplananalysis所在学院专业班级交通工程学生姓名指导教师完成日期摘要随着北京开始大力发展公共交通，地铁在公共交通中的重要性越来越大。但是，地铁安全事故的发生率和严重的损失同样令人担忧。地铁安全事故的发生不但会造成大量的人员伤亡和财产损失，而且还会造成城市的大面积交通拥堵，因此对地铁安全事故的分析预防及制定应急方案有着重要的意义。本文首先介绍了地铁的发展及地铁的安全现状，分析了地铁客运安全应急方案的现状。通过列举历年来发生的地铁事故以及事故造成的损失，分析得出危害性比较大的事故是火灾事故、列车事故和恐怖袭击。然后从人员因素、设备因素、环境因素和管理因素四个方面分析了地铁安全事故发生的原因。明确了事故发生的原因和危害性大的事故后，提出了地铁安全事故的具体预防措施，并制定了危害性相对较大的事故的应急预案。关键词：地铁；事故；安全；应急预案AbstractWiththeBeijingbegantodeveloppublictransport,thesubwayistheincreasingimportanceofpublictransport.However,thesubwaysafetyaccidentrateandseverityoflossesisequallyworrisome.Subwaysecurityincidentswillnotonlycausedheavycasualtiesandpropertylosses,butalsocausedalargeareaofthecity'strafficcongestion,subwaysafetyanalysisoftheaccidentpreventionandtodevelopcontingencyplanshaveimportantsignificance.Thispaperfirstdescribesthedevelopmentofthesubwayandrailsafetystatusquo,analysisofthestatusoftheemergencyplanofthemetropassengersafety.Throughthelistovertheyearsoccurredinundergroundaccidentsandlossescausedbytheaccidentanalysisrevealsthatthedangersoflargeaccidentsfireaccidents,trainaccidentsandterroristattacks.Andthenfromhumanfactors,equipmentfactors,fouraspectsoftheenvironmentalandmanagerialfactorssubwaysafetyincidentsoccurred.Cleartheaccident,thecausesanddangersofamajoraccident,thesubwaysafetyaccidentpreventionmeasuresanddevelopcontingencyplansofthedangersofrelativelylargeaccident.Keywords：Subway;accident;security;contingencyplansI目录1引言..............................................................................................................................11.1北京地铁发展现状............................................................................................11.2地铁安全现状....................................................................................................11.3国内外地铁安全应急处理现状........................................................................21.3.1国外地铁安全应急处理现状.................................................................21.3.2国内地铁安全应急处理现状.................................................................21.4研究地铁客运安全应急方案的意义................................................................21.5本文的主要内容................................................................................................32地铁事故类型及危害性分析......................................................................................32.1地铁安全事故类型............................................................................................32.1.1火灾事故.................................................................................................32.1.2列车事故.................................................................................................32.1.3恐怖袭击.................................................................................................32.1.4自然灾害.................................................................................................62.1.5系统水灾.................................................................................................62.2地铁安全事故的危害性分析............................................................................63影响地铁事故发生的因素分析..................................................................................73.1系统理论............................................................................................................73.2人员因素............................................................................................................73.2.1地铁工作人员违规操作.........................................................................73.2.2乘客的不安全及不当行为.....................................................................73.2.3恐怖袭击.................................................................................................73.3设备因素............................................................................................................83.3.1设备本身故障.........................................................................................83.3.2管理操作不合理导致的设备故障.........................................................83.4环境因素............................................................................................................83.4.1外界自然环境.........................................................................................83.4.2内部系统环境.........................................................................................93.5管理因素............................................................................................................94地铁客运安全的事故预防措施..................................................................................94.1人员方面的预防措施........................................................................................94.1.1加强地铁安全宣传和培训.....................................................................9II4.1.2建立可靠、高效的调度指挥系统.......................................................104.1.3加强对应急预案的模拟演练...............................................................104.2设备及管理方面的预防措施..........................................................................104.2.1完善地铁应急基础设施..........