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初中英语基本时态总结Ⅰ、一般现在时1、概念:1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday,twiceaweek,onSunday,etc.(提问用Howoften)例:Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Tomgetsupat6:00everymorning.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例:Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕太阳转动。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国东部。3)格言或警句。例:Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意:宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语是客观真理也要用一般现在时。例:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。2、结构:表状态S+am/is/are+P(句中有实义动词不用be)表动作S+V原+O(若主语是单三人称,谓动加s/es。)3、句式变化:变疑问,有be把be提到主语前;无be在主语前加do/does,谓动变为原形。变否定,有be在be后加“not”;无be在主语后加don’t/doesn’t,谓动变为原形。例:①Theyareintheclassroom.→Aretheyintheclassroom?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.→Theyaren’tintheclassroom②Heoftenwaterstheflowers.→Doesheoftenwatertheflowers?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.→Hedoesn’toftenwatertheflowersⅡ、一般过去时1、概念:1)表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,justnow,anhourago,theotherday,in1982.attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,etc.例:Wheredidyougojustnow?2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例:WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.2、结构:表状态S+was/were+P表动作S+V过去式+O(注:句中有实义动词不用be)3、句式变化:变疑问,有be把be提到主语前;无be在主语前加did,谓动变为原形。变否定,有be在be后直接加“not”;无be在主语后加didn’t,谓动变为原形.例:①ShewasinXi’anlastmonth.→WassheinXi’anlastmonth?Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.→Shewasn’tinXi’anlastmonth.②Dannygrewarosejustnow,→DidDannygrowarosejustnow?Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.→Dannydidn’tgrowarosejustnow,Ⅲ、现在进行时:1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作。时间状语:now,atthistime,thesedays,以及有look,listen时。例:Listen!Thebirdsaresinging.2、结构:S+am/is/are+doing助动现在分词3、句式变化:变疑问,把am/is/are提到主语前;变否定,在am/is/are后直接加“not”。例:①Iamwritingaletternow.→Areyouwritingaletternow?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.→Iamnotwritingaletternow.(注:am和not不能缩写。)②Theboysareplayingfootball.→Aretheboysplayingfootball?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.→Theboysaren’tplayingfootball.Ⅳ、过去进行时:1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作。.时间状语:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,at8:00yesterday,或有when/while引导的时间状语从句等。例:WewerehavinganEnglishclassat9:30yesterdaymorning.IwasreadingabookwhilemymotherwaswatchingTV.2、结构:S+was/were+doing3、句式变化:变疑问,把was/were提到主语前;变否定,在was/were后直接加“not”。例:①Atthattimetheywereworkinginthegarden.→Weretheyworkinginthegardenatthattime?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.→Atthattimetheywereworkinginthegarden.②Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.→Whenhecamein,wereyoureadinganewspaper?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.→Whenhecamein,Iwasn’treadinganewspaper.Ⅴ、一般将来时1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。时间词:tomorrow,tomorrowmorning,atseveno'clocktomorrowevening,nextyear,thisyear,attheendofthisterm,fromnow,intenminutes,in2025例:Theywilldoanexperimenttomorrowafternoon.Brianisgoingtodrawtwentypicturesattheendofthisterm.2、结构:S+will+V原+其他(will可改为begoingto,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)例:WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?我先读哪一段呢?Willyou/(Areyougoingto)beathomeatseventhisevening?3、句式变化:变疑问,把will提到主语前;变否定,在will后直接加“not”。例;ShewilldrivetoBeijingnextweek.→WillshedrivetoBeijingnextweek?Yes,shewill./No,shewon’t.→Shewon’tdrivetoBeijingnextweek.★begoingto+V原表示a.主语的意图,即将做某事。例:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划,安排要发生的事。例:Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。c.有迹象要发生的事。例:Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.★be+不定式:表示将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例:WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六将讨论这份报告★用现在进行时表示将来come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等终止性动词可用现在进行时表示将来。例:I'mleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你会在这儿呆到下周吗?Ⅶ、现在完成时:1.表示:①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。时间词:ever,never,already,yet,before,just,recently/lately(最近),inthepastfewyears2.②或从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。时间词:for+时间段,since+过去时间点/从句。(提问用Howlong)例:Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.HehaslearnedFrenchfortwoyears.2.结构:S+have/has+done助动过去分词3.句式变化:变疑问,把have/has提到主语前;变否定,在have/has后直接加“not”。例:①I'vealreadywrittenanarticle.→Haveyouwrittenanarticleyet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.→Ihaven’twrittenanarticleyet.②LiMinghaslivedinShijiazhuangsince1993.→HasLiMinglivedinShijiazhuangsince1993?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.→LiMinghasn’tlivedinShijiazhuangsince1993.★比较一般过去时与现在完成时1)一般过去时表示过去某具体时间发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作对现在的造成影响,强调的是结果。2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。例:Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了)Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)Whydidyougetupsoearly?(强调起床的动作已发生过了)Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?(强调有卷子未交,指结果)HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(强调加入这一动作)HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是团员的状态可持续)句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。(错)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.(对)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.
本文标题:初中英语八种基本时态总结
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