导学案：被动语态

导学案被动语态【语言感知】将下列句子译成汉语①TheGreatWallwasbuiltmorethan2000yearsold.②AnewbridgeisbeingbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.③Theprojectwill(isgoingto)befinishednextmonth.④Manytreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.⑤Oldpeopleshouldbetakencareof/lookedafter.⑥Bookscan’tbetakenoutofthelibrary.⑦Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.⑧Whataretheshirtsmadeof?Aretheymadeofcotton?Whereweretheymade?⑨AsfarasIknow,teaplantsaregrownonthesidesofmountains.⑩Thepaintingisn’tmadefromgrass.【合作探究】一、英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态.二、基本结构：be+过去分词(PP)+(by…)不同时态下的被动语态时态助动词be例句一般现在时am/is/are+PPThestudentismadetostandthereforhalfanhour.一般过去时was/were+PPAnewpenwasgiventoherbyhermotheryesterday.现在进行时am/is/arebeing+PPAlotofthingsarebeingdonebypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.过去进行时was/werebeing+PPThelittleboywasbeingbeatenbyatallmanwhenIcamehere.现在完成时have/hasbeen+PPHowmanytreeshavebeenplantedthisyear?过去完成时had/been+PPOurhomeworkhadbeenfinishedbeforewewenthome.一般将来时will/shallbe+PPTheplaywillbeputonnextSunday.am/is/aregoingtobe+PPApartyisgoingtobeheldnextmonth.过去将来时would/shouldbeHesaidthatthebookswouldbeputawaysoon.was/weregoingtobe+PP情态动词情态动词+be+PPTheoldpeopleshouldbetakencareof.注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make,listento,lookat等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。常用结构Beseentodo,bemadetodo,beheardtodo,bewatchedtodo。※Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.三、主动式表被动的几种特殊情况：1.动词(表示主语的属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…※Thebookssellwell．Thiskindofclothwasheseasily．2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,导学案fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…※Thefishisnotfittoeat(eat)．WefindEnglishishard_______(learn)．Thearticleisdifficult___________(understand).3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。※Ihavealotofhomework______(do)．I’llgivehimsomebooks______(read)．4.表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,...)※Thesteelfeelscold．5.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,...)※Theshopopensat6am.everyday6.作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。※Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashed．Thebookisworthreading.【当堂检测】一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×10=10分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面．．．．．．．．．．．．)1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.What_______knives______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.10.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.14.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.15.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity?16.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.17.WefindEnglishisn’thard_______(learn).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改为主动语态）_______people_________teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresent____________________________bymyparentseveryyear．3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)How______________theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)AnEnglishsong___________________bythechildren.5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)It______________________byyounow.答案：一、1.willbebuilt2.isbeingdiscussed3.isspoken4.hasn’tbeenfound5.werecut6.aretold7.mustbesent8.aresold9.aremade,aremade10.betaken11.iscleaned12.beseen13.havebeenwatered14.sells15.hasbeen16.smells17.tolearn二、1.Do,grow2.isgiventome3.soonis4.willbesung5.needn’tbedone