世界银行收获繁荣农业技术和生产力的增长英文20199269页

Risingagriculturalproductivityhasdrivenimprovementsinlivingstandardsformillennia.Today,redoublingthateffortindevelopingcountriesiscriticaltoreducingextremepoverty,ensuringfoodsecurityforanincreasingglobalpopulation,andadaptingtochangesinclimate.Thisvolumepresentsfreshanalysisonglobaltrendsandsourcesofproductivitygrowthinagricultureandoffersnewperspectivesonthedriversofthatgrowth.Itarguesthatgainsfromthereallocationoflandandlaborarenotaspromisingasbelieved,sopolicyneedstofocusmoreonthegenerationanddisseminationofnewtechnologies,whichrequiressteppingupnationalresearchefforts.Yet,inmanyofthepoorestnations,aseriousresearchspendinggaphasemergedpreciselyatthetimewhenthechallengesfacedbyagricultureareintensifying.Thebookfocusesonhowthisproblemcanberedressedinthepublicsector,aswellasonreformsaimedatmobilizingnewprivatesectoractorsandvaluechains,particularlycreatingabetterenablingenvironment,reformingtraderegulations,introducingnewproducts,andstrengtheningintellectualpropertyrights.Onthedemandside,thebookexamineswhatrecentresearchrevealsaboutpoliciestoreducethebarriersimpedingsmallholderfarmersfromadoptingnewtechnologies.HarvestingProsperityisthefourthvolumeoftheWorldBankProductivityProject,whichseekstobringfrontierthinkingonthemeasurementanddeterminantsofproductivitytoglobalpolicymakers.“Asrightlyarguedbytheauthors,growthinagriculturalproductivityistheessentialinstrumenttopromotedevelopmentinlow-incomeagriculture-basedcountries.Achievingthisrequiresresearchanddevelopment,upgradingofuniversities,reinforcementoffarmercapacities,removalofconstraintstoadoption,andthedevelopmentofinclusivevaluechainswithinterlinkedcontracts.Asimportant,sucheffortsalsoneedtobeplacedwithinacontextofcomprehensiveagricultural,rural,andstructuraltransformations.However,inmanycountriesimplementationoftherequisitepolicieshasbeenlagging.Thisbook,withcontributionsfrommanytopexpertsinthefield,providesthemostup-to-datepresentationofthisargumentandexplainsindetailhowtosuccessfullyputitsideasintopractice.Governments,theprivatesector,andcivilsocietyorganizationsneedtostudyitcarefullytoturnthepromiseofagriculturefordevelopmentintoareality.”AlaindeJanvryandElisabethSadouletProfessorsoftheGraduateSchool,UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyHarvestingProsperityKeithFuglie,MadhurGautam,AparajitaGoyal,andWilliamF.MaloneyTechnologyandProductivityGrowthinAgricultureCONFERENCEEDITIONSKU33376HarvestingProsperityCONFERENCEEDITIONHarvestingProsperityTechnologyandProductivityGrowthinAgricultureKeithFuglie,MadhurGautam,AparajitaGoyal,andWilliamF.MaloneyCONFERENCEEDITIONThetextofthisconferenceeditionisaworkinprogressfortheforthcomingbook,HarvestingProsperity:TechnologyandProductivityGrowthinAgriculture,doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1393-1.APDFofthefinalbook,oncepublished,willbeavailableat://documents.worldbank.org/,andprintcopiescanbeorderedat©2019InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433Telephone:[phone];Internet:(CCBY3.0IGO):Attribution—Pleasecitetheworkasfollows:Fuglie,Keith,MadhurGautam,AparajitaGoyal,andWilliamF.Maloney.2019.“HarvestingProsperity:TechnologyandProductivityGrowthinAgriculture.”ConferenceEdition.WorldBank,Washington,DC.License:CreativeCommonsAttributionCCBY3.0IGOTranslations—Ifyoucreateatranslationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribution:ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbyTheWorldBankandshouldnotbeconsideredanofficialWorldBanktranslation.TheWorldBankshallnotbeliableforanycontentorerrorinthistranslation.Adaptations—Ifyoucreateanadaptationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribu-tion:ThisisanadaptationofanoriginalworkbyTheWorldBank.ViewsandopinionsexpressedintheadaptationarethesoleresponsibilityoftheauthororauthorsoftheadaptationandarenotendorsedbyTheWorldBank