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2018WellcomeGlobalMonitorHowdoestheworldfeelaboutscienceandhealth?AboutGallupGallupdeliversanalyticsandadvicetohelpleadersandorganisationssolvetheirmostpressingproblems.Combiningmorethan80yearsofexperiencewithitsglobalreach,Gallupknowsmoreabouttheattitudesandbehavioursofemployees,customers,studentsandcitizensthananyotherorganisationintheworld.FormoreinformationaboutGallup,pleasevisit©Wellcome.ItisdistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsCC-BYlicence,whichpermitsunrestricteduseandredistributionofthedataortextprovidedthattheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited.Ifyoudoeditthetext,thenyoumustacknowledgethisontherepublishedarticle.Wesuggestthatyoucitethisreportasfollows:Gallup(2019)WellcomeGlobalMonitor–FirstWaveFindings.PleasenotethattheimagesusedthroughoutthereportarethecopyrightofthephotographerorGallupandarenotavailableunderCreativeCommons.Coverimage:AhospitalpharmacyinMali.Godong/BSIP/SciencePhotoLibrary3|WellcomeGlobalMonitor2019Foreword4Summaryofkeyfindings6Chapter1:Introduction8Summary10Whystudyglobalpublicattitudestoscience?10WhatresearchquestionsareintheWellcomeGlobalMonitor?12HowwastheWellcomeGlobalMonitorsurveydeveloped?13Whatnext?15Regionalcountrygroupings15Chapter2:Understandingandinterestinscienceandhealth18Summary20Introduction21Thedefinitionof‘science’22Understandingofwhatstudyingscienceconstitutes24Perceivedknowledgeofscience26Scienceandhealthinformationseeking36Interestinlearningmoreaboutscienceandhealth38Specialfocus:genderdifferencesinperceivedscienceknowledgeandeducation41Conclusion46Chapter3:Trustinscienceandhealthprofessionals48Summary50Introduction50Thedevelopmentofanewmeasureoftrust:theWellcomeGlobalMonitorTrustinScientistsIndex51Understandingthepredictorsoftrustinscientists59Confidenceandtrustinhealthprofessionalsandhospitals64Confidenceinhospitalsandhealthclinics67Whopeopletrustthemosttogivethemmedicalorhealthadvice70Conclusion73Chapter4:Scienceandsociety74Summary77Introduction76Dopeoplefeelthatsciencebenefitsthem?77Dopeoplefeelthatsciencebenefitsotherpeopleintheircountry?81Thecombinedview:howpeoplefeelaboutthebenefitsofscienceonapersonalandsocietallevel83Dopeoplebelievethatsciencewillimprovelifeforthenextgeneration?91Dopeoplethinkscienceandtechnologywillincreaseordecreasethenumberofjobsintheirlocalareainthenextfiveyears?91Therelationshipbetweenreligionandscienceinpeople’slives96Conclusion102Chapter5:Attitudestovaccines104Summary106Introduction106Awarenessofvaccines108Perceptionsofthesafetyofvaccines109Perceptionsoftheeffectivenessofvaccines110Perceptionsoftheeffectivenessandsafetyofvaccines112Factorsrelatedtoperceptionsofvaccinesafety117Perceptionsoftheimportanceofvaccinesforchildren119Didpeoplereportvaccinatingtheirchildren?121Therelationshipbetweentrustinscientistsandattitudestovaccines122Therelationshipbetweentrustindoctorsandnursesandattitudestovaccines123Conclusion124Appendix:WellcomeGlobalMonitorQuestionnaire2018126Acknowledgements131ContentsToreadourfulltechnicalreport,accessmoredetailedcountryprofilesanddownloadthefulldataset,pleasevisitWellcome.ac.uk/monitor4|WellcomeGlobalMonitor2019ForewordHealthisapersonalexperience,asocialissueandaglobalconcern.Anyattempttoimprovehealth,whetherthroughnewtreatments,policiesorprocedures,willbemosteffectivewhenpatientsandthepublicareengaged.Nomatterhowgreatyourideaorhowrobustyourscience,itstillhastobeacceptedbythepeoplewhostandtobenefitfromit.Mostofthetime,thatwillmeansomeoneputtingtheirtrustinhealthcareprofessionalsandthescienceandtechnologiesthatunderpinmodernmedicine.WellcomeGlobalMonitoristhelargeststudytodateintoglobalattitudestoscienceandhealth.Havingcollectedresponsesfrommorethan140,000peopleinover140countries,itoffersawealthofinformationaboutpeople’sinterestandtrustinscienceinalmosteverypartoftheworld.Differencesinattitudesbetweenregionsarefascinating,butI’mjustasstruckbythesimilarities.Wherevertheyare,peoplewanttoknowmoreaboutscienceandhealth,and75%ofushaveconfidenceinourowncountry’shealthcaresystem.Weaskedpeoplespecificallyaboutvaccines.Theyareourmostpowerfulpublichealthtools,protectingbillionsofpeoplefromdeadlyanddebilitatinginfectionslikepolioormeasles.Buttoachievesufficientcoverageofthepopulationtobeeffective,peoplehavetofeelabletotrustvaccines,healthcareworkersandscientists.Thevastmajorityofthosesurveyedagreedthatvaccinesareimportant,andevenparentswhowerescepticalaboutsafetyoreffectivenessmostlysaidtheirchildrenhadreceivedatleastonevaccine.Likesomanyhealthissues,theacceptabilityofvaccinesreliesonanumberofsocialfactorsaswellaspeople’spersonalchoices.Thismeansthatunderstandingpeopleandsociety–throughhistory,sociology,anthropology–isatleastasimportantasunderstandingvirusesandimmunology.It’stheflipsideoftraditionalpublicengagement,wheretheaimhasbeenforthepublictounderstandthescience.Infact,ithastocutbothways.Scienceispartofsociety:ifallofuscanbemoreopentoideasandperspectiveswedon’tnecessarilyshare,theresearchthatsocietysupportsanddoeswillbec
本文标题:盖洛普2018年全球科学和健康报告英文20197132页
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