浅谈光气及光气化生产装置安全和防护措施

陈毅峰高级工程师吕洪杰(烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司,烟台264002):6204020:X965:A研究了国内外光气及光气化生产装置光气事故特征,指出事故主要原因是人为失误设计缺陷和设备及管道腐蚀结合在国内最大的光气发生及光气化生产装置多年生产实践,分析了可导致光气泄漏的直接危险因素是工艺设计条件光气滞留量以及装置设计缺陷,包括设备管道仪表自控联锁等;分析了对光气安全监测和泄漏防护不当,或没有设计二级减缓措施,导致事故一旦发生,不能快速有效监测和得到控制;认为缺乏有效的安全管理和培训机制,违章操作和违章指挥同样可导致事故的发生上述因素可通过选择合适的工艺路线,严格装置设计条件,增加快速高效的在线监测,切实可行的减缓措施和健全有效的光气安全生产管理5个层次,对光气及光气化生产装置的安全及其防护,提出了解决的办法和可行对策光气;光气化;安全;防护;五层次防护措施DiscussiononSafetyandCountermeasuresforPhosgeneandPhosgenationInstallationCHENYifeng,SeniorEngineerLVHongjie(YantaiWanhuaPolyurethaneCo.,Ltd,Yantai264002,China)Classificationandcodeofdisciplines:620.4020CLCnumber:X965Documnetcode:AAbstract:Thecharacteristicsofaccidentscausedbyphosgeneandoccurredatphosgenationinstallationbothathomeandabroadinrecentyearswereinvestigated,themainreasonofwhicharemanmadefault,defectsindesignandcorrosionoftheequipmentandpipeline.Fivelevelsofsafetyprecautionswereputforwardbasedonpracticeandexperienceofphosgeneandphosgenationinstallation.Keywords:phosgene;phosgenation;safety;countermeasure;fivelevelsofsafetyprecautions1(COC12),,[1]A,10,,,1.6~2.0mg/m3[2-3],5mg/m3,5~10mg/m3,50mg/m330,100mg/m3,7.56!,20!161.6kPa[3],,,,,PU(polyurethane,),43,85[4],,MDI(MethaneDiphenyldiiso1511200511ChinaSafetyScienceJournalVol.15No.11Nov.2005:1003-3033(2005)11-0073-05;:2005-03-01;:2005-07-01cyanate,)TDI(Tolylenediisocyanate,-)PC(Polycarbonate,)30%,,1997,300,2002700,99%,80%,:1994316L,,119973,TDI,,,,720046,,,1,260,,,2003,∀#,2004∀#,,,,2,1964∃2001181,,28,[5],11(%)138.4222.7321.549.455631,,MDITDI,:1995∃2002MDITDI12,1995∃1999MDITDI42,200033,200144,2002553,22,,MDITDI,,MDITDI,,2MDITDI(%)1995∃200120021995∃20012002*1.4972.491619183.177850594.1701185.**1721181001001001001.333543392.172363.171110104.335244451001001001001.201618172.1618173.40913124.()403729325.222222100100100100:*2,**()3:,;,,,;,,%74%ChinaSafetyScienceJournal152005,,5,31,,MCB()ODCB(),[6],,;,,CO2,COCl250&10-6[7],CO2%,32,,,:1):,16Mn316L,2):,,,2.5MPa,4.0MPa;3):,100%X;,,;,,4):,;;,N25):,,,;;,6):,;DCSESD,,;7):,;DCS,UPS8):9):,33,,%75%:,,,331a.Cl2,,b.,2a.b.3a.CO4a.,5a.∀#b.c.,34,,,,,,,,(PPE),;441a.,20%,N2b.2a.,b.c.,N23,,4,56a.GB19041∃2003,30minb.,7a.,,,,b.35(HAZOP)(PHA),,,(PSSR),,∀#,∀#,,,5%76%ChinaSafetyScienceJournal1520055/1a.,SHE,,b.2a.,,,,,,b.,3a.,,MSDSb.,4a.,b.,5a.,,,24b.6a.,;,b.c.d.,e.,f.41),,2),,;,,,;,3),,,54),,,,Dupont,1.GA58∃1993.[S],1993.82WorldHealthOrganization.Phosgene,EnvironmentalHealthCriteria,193[R].Geneva,WHO,19973.GB13548∃1992.[S],1992.64,,.[J].,2004,43(6):246~2475,,.(MDI)[J].,2002,12(5):51~546InternationalIsocyanateInstituteIncIIIref.11319PhosgeneProductionSafetyTaskForce[R],19987.GB14041∃2003.[S],2003.10%77%:王其军,,196211,1986,,2003,1,1,111,∀#∀#18金秀梅,1976111999,,2002,,∋(,SCI1,EI1陈有孝,,198172003,,,∋863(,∀#∀#∋USA-ChinaBusinessReview(∋(陈毅峰,MDI,196771990,,1998,,,-MBA,2001,200210周爱红,1976320007,;20037,;20039,,,,∋(∋(2∀#∀#陈文胜,,1977111998∃2004,,