辽宁省本溪市第一中学20182019学年高一英语上学期期末考试试卷答案

-1-辽宁省本溪市第一中学2018-2019学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题第I卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ANexttimeyouraiseaneyebrowattheviewsofyourpartner,friend,sibling(兄弟姐妹)orcolleague,remembertheycouldbehelpingtomakeyousmarter.Newresearchshowsthatintelligenceisnotfixedbutcanbeimprovedthroughoutadulthoodbyfamilymembers,brightmatesandintellectuallychallengingcareers.Thestudychallengesthecommonlyheldbeliefthatintelligenceisfixedbytheageofabout18.Scientificconsensussuggeststhatintelligenceiscontrolledbygenes,withenvironmentalfactorssuchasschoolingandnutritionplayingapartialroleuptothisage.Afterthispoint,IQscoresbecomesteady(稳定的).ButJamesFlynn,professorofpoliticalstudiesandpsychologyattheUniversityofOtagoinNewZealand,arguesthatpeoplecan“upgrade”theirownintelligencethroughouttheirlives.Hebelievesintellectualstimulation(刺激)fromothersisimportantasthe“brainseemstoberatherlikeamuscle–themoreyouuseit,thestrongeritgets”.However,theoppositeisalsotrue–sopeoplesharingahomeorworkplacewiththosewhoareintellectuallychallengedriskseeingtheirIQlevelsnosediveasaresult.ProfessorFlynnanalyzedUSintelligencetestsfromthelast65yearsandcreatednewIQ“agetables”.Hefoundabrightten-year-oldwithbrothersandsistersofaverageintelligencewillsufferafivetotenpointIQdisadvantagecomparedtoasimilarchildwithequallybrightbrothersandsistersandspecialeducationaltreatmenttohelppullthemup.ProfessorFlynnalsoconcludedthatalthoughgeneticsandearlylifeexperiencesdetermineabout80%ofintelligence,theremaining20%islinkedtolifestyle.ThismeansthatpeoplecanraisetheirIQ,orallowittofall,bytenpointsormore.HesuggestedthebestwaytoimproveIQlevelsistomixwithbrightfriends,find-2-anintellectuallychallengingjobandmarrysomeonecleverer.21.Accordingtothetext,itiscommonlybelievedthat________.A.people’sIQlevelfallsastheyageB.itiswisetosharefamilymembers’viewsC.peoplecannotimprovetheirintelligenceduringadulthoodD.doingsomethingchallengingisgoodforone’sintelligence22.Theunderlinedword“nosedive”inparagraph2probablymeans________.A.varyB.developC.changeD.fall23.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpimproveone’sintelligenceaccordingtoProfessorFlynn?A.Makingmanyfriends.B.Stayingwithsmartpeople.C.Doingexerciseeveryday.D.Learningfrombrothersorsisters24.Thepurposeofthetextisto________.A.informB.advertiseC.entertainD.persuadeBHowImportantIsFashion?Islookingfashionablemoreimportantthanbeingcomfortable?Manypeopleseemtothinkso,judgingbythethingstheywear.Butfashionisnoteverything.Itismoreimportanttobeahealthyandgoodperson.Peopletrytobefashionable.Somepeoplethinktheyhavetohaveacertainbodytype,sotheygoonextreme,unhealthydietsinordertochangetheirbodies.Inaddition,manywomenwearuncomfortablefashions,suchashigh-heeledshoesthatcreateblisters(水泡),tightbodyshapersthatlimitbloodflow,andstickyfalseeyelashes(假睫毛).Menandwomenalikespendtimeandmoneyonproductsthatchangetheirnaturalhaircolorandusehotironsandblowdryerstocurlorstraightentheirhair.Somepeoplespendseveralhoursadayinfrontofamirror.Isfashionimportantenoughtospendsomuchtimeandeffortonchanginghowyoulooklike?-3-Ifthepurposeoffashionistomakeapersonfeelgood,itdoesnotmakesensethatheorshewouldgothroughsomuchdiscomforttobefashionable.Fashionshouldnotcomefirst.Peopleshouldprioritize(优先考虑)beinghealthyandpositive.Whatpeopleweardoesnotindicateanythingabouttheirpersonalities.Insteadofspendinghourschoosingasuit,perhapsyoushouldcallyourfriendsanddosomethingtogether!Insteadofgoingonstrictdietsandstarving,whynoteatsomehealthyfoodsandthenexercise?Bydoingthesethings,youcankeepahealthylifestyleandtrulygrowasaperson.25.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetextisto.A.showreadersadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdietingB.informreadersofthelatestfashiontrendsC.tellreaderswaystobecomefashionableD.persuadereaderstovaluehealthmorethanfashion26.Whichstatementbestshowstheauthor’sviewpoint?A.Whenyoulookgood,youfeelgood.B.Fashionincreasesfamouspeople’sself-respect.C.Fashioncanmakepeopledosomeunhealthythings.D.Peopleneedtodiettoloseweight.27.Whichofthefollowingactivitieswouldtheauthormostlikelysuggest?A.Goingskatingwithfriends.B.Startinganewdietwithafriend.C.Shoppingforbargainclothes.D.Changingthehairstyleeveryweek.CPeoplefromBritainandIrelandfirstcametoliveinAustraliain1788.Theybroughtdifferentdialects(方言)ofEnglishwiththem.ThesedifferentkindsofEnglishbegantomixandchange.Thenewcomerssoonbegantospeakwiththeirowntypicalaccent(口音)andvocabulary.MoreandmorepeoplecametoAustraliaduringtheGoldRushinthe19thand20thcenturies.SomecamefromBritainandIreland;otherscamefromnon-Englishspeakingcountries.AustralianEnglishcontinuedtogrowandchange.-4-AustralianEnglishhasalsobeeninfluencedbyAmericanEnglish.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,thereweremanyAmericansoldiersstayinginAustralia.Moreimportantly,AmericantelevisionshowsandmusichavebeenpopularinAustraliasincethe1950s.AustraliansusemanywordsthatotherEnglishspeakersdonotuse.ThefamousAustraliangreeting,forexample,isG’day!AnativeforestiscalledthebushandcentralAustraliaiscalledtheoutback.ManywordswerebroughttoAustraliafromBritainandIreland.Forexample,matemeans“friend”，andit