(完整版)初中语法连词讲解

1连词一、并列连词：（一）连词的概念：连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。（二）并列连词的分类：表示意思转折的连词But,yet,however，still,while表示因果关系的连词For,so,therefore,since表选择的连词or,either…or,neither…nor，otherwise表示并列的连词And，notonly…butalso,both…and,aswellas例句：Slowbutsure.要慢而稳。She’llbebackeitherthisweekornextweek.她将在这周或下周回来。Iwentandshewentalso.我去了，她也去了。（三）并列连词的用法：1、并列连词and和or：①and和or是用得最多的并列连词，可以连接：a.两个并列的动词：Weweresinginganddancingallevening.整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。b.名词、形容词等：Thisappleisbigandred.Wouldyoulikefishorbeef?c.两个并列的分句（句子）：IsaiditandImeantit.我说话算数。2②and可连接两个分句，表示递进关系。Givehimaninchandhewilltakeamile.他会得寸进尺。③or可连接分句，表示“否则”：Don’tdrivesofastoryou’llhaveanaccident.别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。2、表示意思转折的连词：but,yet:①but和yet的用法：Theweatherwillbesunnybutcold.天气会晴朗但很冷。Itisstrange,yettrue.这很奇怪，却是真的。②however,still等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折---“但是”或“然而”。a.however:Hisfirstresponsewastosayno.Later,however,hechangedhismind.他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。b.still:It’sraining;stillI’dliketogo.天在下雨，但我还是要去。③词组allthesame:Sheisnaughty,allthesamewehavetolaughatherjokes.她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。3、表示因果的连词：①for可以表示“因为”，但引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，对前面情况加以解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，这在书面语中比较多见。Thedayswereshort,foritwasnowDecember.白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。Shemusthavegoneoutearly,forshehadnotcomeforbreakfast.她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。②so表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”。Ourcaseswereheavy,sowetookataxi.我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车3③therefore为副词，也表示同样的意思---“因此”，可放句前：Hehadgone;shethereforegavethemoneytome.他走了，于是她把钱给了我。4、both...and的用法Amanshouldhavebothcourageandperseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。【难点】5、就近原则：1）neither…nor…NeitherLucynorLilyisaLeaguemember.2）notonly…butalso…Notonlyyoubutalsohelikesfootball.3）either…or…EitherJimorPeterisright.4）not…but…NotJimbutPeterbrokethecup.6、aswellas的用法:Ihavereadoneofhisnovelsaswellasafewofhisplays.我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。【基础练习】（一）根据句意选用and,but,or,so,while,for填空。1.Thegroundiswet,_________itrainedlastnight.2.It'safinedaytoday,_________everyoneisbusy.3.Thisisourfirstlesson,_________Idon'tknowallyournames.4.Takeanumbrellawithyou,_________you'llgetwet.5.DoyouunderstandwhatIsaid_________doyouwantmetoexplainitagain?6.Wehaveclassesinthemorning,_________wedon'thaveclassesintheafternoon.7.Sheisadoctor_________Iamateacher.48.Useyourhead,_________you'llfindaway.9.Theywenttothezooyesterday,_________theydidn'tseeanyanimals.10.Imustgonow,_________it'sgettingdark.11.Becareful,_________youwillfalloffthetree.12.—Excuseme.Doyouhaveatablefortwo?—I'msorry,_________therearen'tanyseatsnow.Wouldyoumindwaitingforawhile?13.Nevergiveup,_________you'llmakeit.14.Shewasverythirsty,_________shedranksomewaterfromtheriver.15.Youmustworkhard,_________you'llfallbehind。一.选择最佳答案：()1MyauntaskswhetherIlikeawoolensweater______acottonone.A.butB.orC.andD.not()2EitherMary______Lucytoldhimtocometoseeus.A.orB.andC.withD.nor()3Hurryup,______we'llbelateforthefilm.A.andB.butC.soD.or()4Bequick,______we'llbelate.A.andB.orC.butD.so()5Werantothetrees,_____wecouldn'tseeanymoremonkeys.A.butB.soC.andD.for()6_____LiPing______WuFang______Leaguemembers.A.Neither;nor;areB.Either;nor;isC.Both;and;areD.Neither;or;is()7Youcan______stayathome______goouttoplay.A.either;orB.so;thatC.neither;andD.both;and()8_____WeiHua______Ann______verybusy.A.Both;and;isB.So;and;is5C.Either;or;isD.So;that;are()9______Monday______TuesdayisOK,Iwillbefreethen.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.So;thatD.Both;and()10______mybrother_______sisteraredoctors.A.Not;butB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or二、从属连词：1．分类：从句种类主要从属连词时间从句when,while,as,before,after,until,till,whenever条件从句if,unless目的从句inorderthat,sothat结果从句so…that,such…that,sothat,so原因从句because,as,since让步从句although,though,eventhough(if),while方式从句asif,asthough地点从句where,wherever比较从句than,as[说明]that,whether,if等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等。2．引导时间状语从句的连词(重点)：when:Don’tgetexcitedwhenyoutalk.讲话时别激动。while:Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.我们要趁热打铁。as:Hesmiledashepassed.他经过时笑了笑。before:Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.要五年后咱们才能再相见。after:I’lltellthemafteryouleave.我将在你走后告诉他们。until,till:Iproposewaitingtillthepolicegethere.我建议等警察来了再说。6since:HowlongisitsinceyoucametoLondon?你到伦敦有多久了？whenever:Wheneveritispossible,theyplayoutside.一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。3．引导条件状语从句的连词(重点)：1）条件状语从句主要由if,unless,supposing(suppose)引导：if:Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.unless:Iwon’twriteunlesshewritesfirst.我不写信，除非他先给我写。2）条件状语从句还有其他形式：(难点)YouwillalwayshaveahomeaslongasIhaveanything.只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。Iwillcallyouassoonashecomesback.他一回来我就给你打电话。4．引导目的状语从句的连词：（重点）inorderthat:Ilenthim500yuaninorderthathecangoforaholiday.我借给他50英镑，使他能去度假。sothat:AskhertohurryupwiththeletterssothatIcansignthem.让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。5．引导结果状语从句的连词：1）结果状语从句主要由so…that和such…that引导：so…that:Hewassofatthathecouldn’tgetthoughthedoor.他胖得连门都过不去了。such…that:Jimmadesuchanoisethathissistertoldhimtobequiet.吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.6．引导原因状语从句的连词：7because:Becauseitrainedhetookataxi.由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。as:Asyou’resorry,I’llforgiveyou.既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。Since:Sinceyouwillgothere,Iwillgotoo.既然你要去，那我也去。7．让步状语从句的连词：although/though:Though/Althoughitisnotlarge,theroomwaslight.房间虽然不大，采光却很好。evenif:They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。8．引导方式状语从句的连词as:Youough