企业清洁生产审核手册(96年电子版)

企业清洁生产审计手册国家环境保护局编中国环境科学出版社企业清洁生产审计手册国家环境保护局编中国环境科学出版社北京内容简介《企业清洁生产审计手册》（以下简称《手册》）内容分为两部分。第一部分由导论和七章正文组成，包括筹划和组织、预评估、评估、方案产生和筛选、可行性分析、方案实施以及持续清洁生产；第二部分为附录，包括名词解释、调查工作用表、审计报告编写要求以及国内外清洁生产机构名录等。《手册》吸取了国内外进行企业清洁生产审计的原理和方法，总结了我国十几个行业、几十家清洁生产审计示范企业的实践经验，对企业开展清洁生产审计的方法、程序、原理、内容、重点和关键技术作了比较全面而详细的阐述。《手册》内容丰富，可操作性强，可供清洁生产审计人员使用，也可作为环保部门、工业部门的管理人员和技术人员以及大专院校师生的参考书。企业清洁生产审计手册国家环境保护局编责任编辑李文湘中国环境科学出版社出版发行（100062北京崇文区北岗子街8号）北京航空物探遥感中心制印厂印刷1996年12月第一版开本787×10921/161996年12月第一次印刷印张81/4印数：0001-8000字数146千字ISBN7-80135-213-0/X1148定价：27.50元企业清洁生产审计手册编委会顾问：吴报中王吉主编：段宁陈文明编委：（按姓氏笔划为序）于秀玲尹荣楼任欣刘忠周仲凡夏康群前言清洁生产自80年代末在美国等发达国家提出来以后，得到国际社会的普遍响应，成为一种环保潮流，被认作是环境战略由被子动反应转向主动行动的一个转折点。清洁生产审计作为推行清洁生产最主要的、也是最具可操作性的方法，通过一整套系统而科学的程序，重点对企业的生产过程进行预防污染的分析和评估，从而发现问题，提出解决方案，并通过清洁生产方案的实施在源头减少或消除废弃物的产生。我国自从1993年初开展清洁生产工作以来，已在纺织、印染、造纸、化工、石化、电镀、制药、啤酒、酒精、建材、钢铁、船舶和制革等十几个待业的上百家企业中进行了企业清洁生产审计，取得了显著的经济效益和环境效益。1994年4月在国家环保局污染控制司的主持下，由中国环境科学研究院环境管理研究所编著并发行了《企业清洁生产审计手册》（试用版），受到了环保界和企业界的欢迎。本《手册》是在试用版《手册》的基础上，根据近二年多的企业实践成果，由国家清洁生产中心负责修订、完善而成。本《手册》由段宁和陈文明主编完成，其中导论由陈文明编著；第一章筹划和组织由段宁编著；第二章预评估由任欣编著；第三章评估由于秀玲编著；第四章方案产生和筛选由陈文明编著；第五章可行性分析由周仲凡编著；第六章方案实施由刘忠编著；第七章持续清洁生产由陈文明、段宁编著；附录由段宁、陈文明、刘忠编著。本《手册》在编写过程中自始至终得到国家环保局吴报中先生和王吉女士的指导和帮助；尹荣楼高级工程师和夏康群高级工程师参与了本手册的框架设计和历次讨论会，提出了许多重要而富有建设性的意见，在些表示诚挚的谢意，另外，联合国环境规划署高级顾问约翰·克瑞格先生(JohnKryger)和荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学的莱乃·范·卜克尔先生(ReneVanBerkel)以及杨作精、刘春玉、唐丁丁、梁伯庆、张天柱、杨书铭、李政禹、席德立、吴义千、唐承秀、王弘、郭敬、李卓丹、李静、袁铭道、韩修娥、朱一石、冯宇新、屠蘅·II·塘、齐建明和陈英旭等众位专家在本《手册》试用版的编制过程中给予了许多指导和帮助，再一次在此表示衷心感谢。由于编者水平有限，本《手册》一定存在着疏漏甚至错误之处，欢迎广大读者批评指正。编者1996．10·I·目录导论··························································1第1章筹划和组织············································111.1取得领导支持·········································111.1.1宣讲效益············································111.1.2阐明投入············································121.2组建审计小组·········································121.2.1推选组长············································121.2.2选择成员············································131.2.3明确任务············································131.3制定工作计划·········································131.4开展宣传教育·········································141.4.1确定宣传的方式和内容································141.4.2克服障碍············································15第2章预评估················································172.1进行现状调查研·······································172.2进行现场考察·········································182.3评价产污排污状况·····································182.3.1对比国内外同类企业产污排污状况······················182.3.2初步分析产污原因···································192.3.3评价企业环保执法状况································192.3.4作出评价结论·······································192.4确定审计重点·········································192.4.1确定备选审计重点····································192.4.2确定审计重点········································202.5设置清洁生产目标·····································232.6提出和实施无/低费方案·································24第3章评估················································263.1准备审计重点资料·····································263.1.1收集资料············································26·II·3.1.2编制审计重点的工艺流程图····························273.1.3编制单元操作工艺流程图和功能说明表··················283.1.4编制工艺设备流程图··································283.2实测输入输出物流·····································303.2.1准备及要求·········································303.2.2实测················································313.2.3汇总数据············································313.3建立物料平衡·········································323.3.1进行预平衡测算······································333.3.2编制物料平衡图······································333.3.3阐述物料平衡结果····································353.4分析废弃物产生原因···································353.4.1原辅料及能源·······································353.4.2技术工艺············································363.4.3设备················································363.4.4过程控制············································363.4.5产品················································373.4.6废弃物··············································373.4.7管理················································373.4.8员工················································373.5提出和实施无/低费方案·································38第4章方案产生和筛选········································394.1产生方案·············································394.1.1广泛采集，创新思路···································394.1.2根据物料平衡和针对废弃物产生原因分析产生方案········394.1.3广泛收集国内外同行业先进技术························394.1.4组织待业专家进行技术咨询····························404.1.5全面系统地产生方案··································404.2分类汇总方案·········································404.3筛选方案············································404.3.1初步筛选············································414.3.2权重总和计分排序····································42·III·4.3.3汇总筛选结果········································424.4研制方案·············································434.4.1内容················································434.4.2原则················································434.5继续实施无/低费方案···································444.6核定并汇总无/低费方案实施效果·························444.7编写清洁