初中动词不定式

初中动词不定式和动名词的用法授课人张杰动词不定式的用法动词不定式的基本形式及其否定形式1.基本形式为to+动词原形（eg：towork），有时省略符号to（eg：work）2.否定形式为not/never+动词不定式动词不定式的功用1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作定语5.作状语6.作补语7.作独立成分作主语1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.2.Toseeistobelieve.3.It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.4.It’syourturntocleantheroom.5.Ittookthemfourdaystoarrivethere.作表语1.ThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.2.Mywishistobeasinger.3.Thefirstthingistogreettheteacher.作宾语(1)1.Annwantstogetherearspierced.2.Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.3.I’dlovetovisitMexico.只能带动词不定式不能带动名词作宾语的动词aim旨在agree同意offer提出plan打算ask要求promise答应help帮忙prepare准备decide决定refuse拒绝dare敢于choose选择wish想要hope希望expect期望预计fail没有pretend假装seem似乎learn学会manage设法做成afford担负得起wouldlike/love想要作宾语（2）1.Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.2.HefeelsitfrustratingtowatchEnglish-languageTV.3.Wethinkitagoodideatogohiking.注：动词feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语动词不定式放在形容词或名词后面，句子结构是：主语+feel/find/make/think+it+adj./n.+todo...。作宾语（3）1.Weareverygladtoseeyou.2.I’msorrytohearthat.3.Theyaresuretocome.注：有些表示思想感情的形容词（包括已变成形容词的分词）后面可接动词不定式，这种不定式也可叫做宾语。如：excited，able,afraid,anxious,careful,free,lucky,ready,willing等。作定语1.Hewasthefirstonetoarrive.2.Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.3.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?作状语1.Westayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.表目的2.IfeelveryluckytohaveLucky。表原因3.I’mtootiredtodowell.表结果4.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.表结果作补语（宾补）(1)1.Whotoldyoutodothat?2.I’dinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.3.Thedriver’scarelessnesscausedtheaccidenttohappen.带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词ask请求force强迫invite邀请train训练order命令want想要direct指导get使beg恳求drive驱使cause导致warn警告lead引导encourage鼓励allow允许hate讨厌like喜欢leave听任need需要teach教require需要prefer更喜欢advise建show演示tell吩咐urge强烈要求wish希望宾补（2）3.Whomadethelittlegirlcry?4.Didyouhearsomeoneenterthehouse?注：用不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词主要是感官动词和使役动词see,watch，hear,feel，notice，have,let,make。注意help的宾补，不定式也可带to也可不带。helpsb(to)do作补语（主补）1.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.2.Thebirdwaslettofly.3.Heismadetoworktenhoursaday.注：(1)省略to的动词不定式作宾补，在变为被动语态的句子后成为主补时，符号to要加上。作独立成分1.I’dliketostayhealthy,buttobehonest,Ionlyeatfoodthattastesgood.2.Tobeginwith,shespoketooquickly,andIcouldn’tunderstandeveryword.3.Totellthetruth,Idon’tthinkso.动词不定式的复合结构1.It’snecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.作主语2.It’sveryniceofyoutosayso.作主语3.It’stimeforustosetoff.作定语4.Thisisforyoutodecide.作表语用of还是forof前的形容词是honest，bad，cruel，rude，careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等，说明人的特性。for前的形容词是dangerous,difficult,hard,important,interesting,easy，necessary等，说明不定式动作的特性。疑问词+不定式1.Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.作主语2.Thequestioniswhichtochoose.作表语3.Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.作宾语不定式的时态和语态Theyseemtohavefinishedthework.HepretendedtobedoinghishomeworkwhenIenteredhisroom.Theshoesneedtoberepaired.=Theshoesneedrepairing.省去动词原形的不定式-Wouldyouliketojoinus?-I’dloveto.Don’tgotillItellyouto.一些固定的动词不定式用法wouldratherdothando宁愿做…而不愿做…prefertodoratherthando宁愿做…而不愿做…tryone’sbesttodo尽力去做besupposedtodo应该做hadbetterdo最好做can’twaittodo等不及要做donothingbutdo除了做…什么都做不了havenochoicebuttodo除了做…别无选择动名词的用法动名词的形式和否定形式动词原形+ing(eg:studying)not/never+动名词(eg:notreading)动名词的功用作主语作宾语作表语作定语作主语Listeningcanhelp.Smokingisnotallowedhere.It’ssonicetalkingtoyou.It’sawasteoftimeexplainingittoher.作宾语Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.WeoftengotexcitedaboutsomethingandendupspeakinginChinese.Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?只接动名词不能接动词不定式作宾语的动词avoid避免suggest建议consider考虑imagine想象Include包括mind介意keep一直stop阻止advise建议practice练习risk冒危险miss错过机会enjoy喜欢finish完成只接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的短语动词putoff推迟beworth值得giveup放弃；戒除holdonto坚持bebusy忙于feellike想要endup以…结束keepon一直；反复不断payattentionto注意lookforwardto期待be/getusedto习惯can‘thelp忍不住insiston坚持作介词宾语用于一些固定结构spend....(in)doingstop/prevent/keepsbfromdoinghavefun/trouble/problems/difficulty/confidence(in)doing作表语Readingislearning.Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.Themainthingisgettingthereontime.作定语Hewalkswithawalkingstick.Thereisaswimmingpoolnearmyhouse.Youcan’ttalkloudlyinthereadingroom.动名词的复合结构Wouldyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmesittingbesideyou?既可接动词不定式也可接动名词意义区别不大的词beginhatelikelovestartprefer接动词不定式和动名词意义不同的词1.Iremembertellingyouthat.Pleaseremembertobringithere.2.He’llneverforgethearinghersinging.Don’tforgettoposttheletterforme.3.Hestoppedsmokinglastweek.Hestoppedtosmoke.(状语)4.Theywentondiscussing.Theywentontodiscussotherproblems.(状语)Exercises•1．Idon'tallow_____inmydrawingroom.Idon'tallow•myfamily_____atall.A.smoking；tosmokeB.tosmoke；smokingC.tosmoke；tosmokeD.smoking；smoking•2．Yourclothesneed_____.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashing•3．Thisbikeisnotworth_____.A.toberepairedB.ofrepairingC.torepairD.repairingABD•4．_____isbettertolovethan_____.A.That,tobelovedB.That；beloveC.It；belovedD.It；tobeloved•5．-WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?-It‘sadifficultlanguage_____.A.speakingB.tobespokenC.tospeakD.spoken•6．Hewouldratherstayathomethan_____out•withyou.A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes•DCA•7．I‘mconsidering_____youroffer.A.tohaveacceptedB.beingacceptedC.acceptingD.toaccept•8．-What‘smadeRosesoupset?-_____threetick