语音语调停顿等

Copyright1ReadingSkills弱读reduction重读stress语调intonation停顿pause连读liaisonlossofexplosion失爆Copyright2Skill1：Dealingwithrisingtone1.英语中的升调一般用于:(5种)a.一般疑问句，如：Doyoucomeherealot?↗Haveyoubeentoanyforeigncountries?↗b.选择疑问句的前半部分，如：IssheanEnglishteacher↗orChineseteacher?↘Areyouhereforthetickets↗orbooks?↘Copyright3c.若干相同类目的词语并列出现时，除最后一项外，如：Iwantlowfatyogurt,↗tunasalad,↗chocolatecake↗andhamburgerspecial.Myidealmanmustbehandsome,↗generous,↗dependable↗andconsiderate.d.表示疑问的陈述句，如：Youwantacupofcoffee?↗Youdon’tworkhere?↗Copyright4e.表现祝贺，同情，或热情时：如Congratulations!↗I’msorrytohearthat.↗Haveaniceweekend.↗2.一般疑问句升调的训练要领：要练习好一般疑问句的升调，首先要学好单词的升调。因为一般疑问句的升调明显表现在句子的最后一个单词上，陡直的升音明显地落在最后一个单词的最后一至两个音上。Copyright5大多数中国学生使用升调时，会从单词的第一个音一直持续升到最后一个音，这样听起来极不自然。需要注意的是：升音并不是从单词的第一个音开始，只有单词的最后一到两个音时，突然很陡地升上去，请参照下面反映升调变化的曲线图，给单词正确升调：universitylanguagestudentquestionsschoolcountriesdisappointedAmericanCopyright6Skill2：Dealingwithfallingtone1.英语中的降调一般用于：(5种)a.特殊疑问句：Wherehavealltheflowersgone?↘Whatthehelldidhedo?↘b.感叹句：Whatagame!↘Whatdepressinginformation!↘Copyright7c.反义疑问句中，当说话人对自己所说的内容已经很确定，知识象征性地与对方确认一下时：Weallliveinaglobalvillage,aren’twe?↘Asmallworld,isn’tit?↘d.选择疑问句的最后一个选项，如：Doyoupreferhand-writtenletter↗orE-mail?↘Doessheraiserats↗orrabbits?↘e.并列出现的若干相同类目词语的最后一项，如：Iwantahousewithadiningroom,↗twobedrooms,↗abath↗andabasement.↘Copyright82.特殊疑问句降调训练要领：特殊疑问句在通常情况下使用降调，但仅了解这一点是不够的。实际上，特殊疑问句的音调变化是有规律可循的，以下列句子为例：•Wherewereyouborn?•Whichcountrieshaveyoubeento?•Whichuniversitydidyougraduate?•WhyareyoulearningEnglish?我们发现整个句子的语调如下曲线图：Copyright9起调时，特殊疑问句的音调较高，遇到助动词时弱读，并且将音调降下来，然后渐渐提高，一般在句子的最后一个单词重重地降下来。Whichuniversitydidyougraduate?WhyareyoulearningEnglish?Copyright10Skill3：Dealingwithpause讲英语或读英语时，尤其是遇到长句时，适当的停顿很重要。停顿并非随心所欲读累了就停，而要根据意群（句子中构成相对独立完整的意思的语言单位）来停。•一般来说，段与段之间的停顿时间最长，其次是句与句之间的停顿，最后才是句子内部意群之间的停顿，例如：主语与分句或从句之间的停顿。句子内部意群之间的停顿，在下列情况下尤其突出：(9种)Copyright111．主句与从句（定语从句、宾语从句等）之间a.Thesearetherobotsofourdreams,intelligentmachinesthatlivetoserve.b.And,theFBIconfrontsthemostheavilyarmedmilitiathatUSlawenforcementhaseverfaced.c.JamesBond,theultimatesurvivorknowsverywellthattherearemanywaystokill.Copyright122.条件状语、时间状语等分句与主句之间a.Allwouldbelostifnotforthestrengthofonewoman.b.Welcometoparadise.Whenyouarrivehereyou’llfindamillionsecretsandasyouexploreit,you’llfindamillionmore.3.当后置定语较长时，其与所修饰的核心词之间a.AswerevealthesecretstrategiesofanFBIcrisisnegotiator,thesestoriesarestraightaheadonBestKeptSecrets.b.Butfortheirvarietyofappearance,alldogsaresimplymutationsoftheirclosetancestralrelative,thewolf.c.HowdoestheFBIsolvecasesliketheOklahomaCityBombing?Copyright134.表时间、地点、距离、方式等的介词短语与句子其他成分之间a.Thefourhundred-year-oldHapsburgdynastystillcommandsmostofEuropetotheenvyofherneighbours.b.Wolveshadcompetedforpreywithanothergroupofhunters,complexcommunicatorsnotunlikethemselves.c.HercrewisplottingacoursetooneofthemostnotoriouspointsinthenorthAtlantic,thesiteofTitanicdisaster.Copyright145.表目的、伴随动作、原因、或结果的分词短语与句子其他成分之间a.Perhapsthewolvesweredrawninbythesmellofmeatcookingcoverafire,andintocontractintotheirrivals.b.Tuckedhighinthecanyonhillsarearistocraticretreatsover-lookingsomeofthemostexpensiverealestateintheUnitedStates.c.ButfortheRussianpeopleborntothisgiantland,Europeisdistanthorizonbeyondtheirimagination.Copyright156.不定式短语与句子其他成分之间a.Whatexactlyhappenedonthatterriblenighttocausethedeathofonethousandoffivehundredandtwenty-threemen,womenandchildren?b.ScienceistakingusbackintimetowitnessthesinkingoftheunsinkableTitanic.c.SheisthefirstwomantoinherittheHasburgthrown,andfewbelieveshecankeepit.Copyright167.以and或or分隔的较长的句子成分之间Butyou’renotinthejungleofBaliorevenahiddensanctuarysomewhereinThailand.b.HedragsmillionsoutoftheDarkAgesandforgesanewnation.c.Itdefiesdefinitionandcanonlybedescribedasunbelievable,capriciousanddreamlike.Copyright178.同位语与句子其他成分之间a.Theoneexception:herdevotedhusbandFrancis,dukeofLorraine.9.插入语与句子其他成分之间a.Attimes,dogsappearstomoveandreactlikewildanimals,yettheyarebydefinition,domesticated.b.TheinstrumentsofdeathhavepushedtechnologytothelimitsinwhathasbecometheDeadlyGame.Copyright18Skill4：Dealingwithweakformsofauxiliaryverbs助动词弱读在句子中的应用：学会助动词的弱读，是掌握连读技巧的第一步。任何一种语言，在口语表达时，句子中的单词有重读、弱读这样的变化，句子听上去才生动、自然。英语也不例外。1.在英语中，哪些单词在句子中需要弱读呢？一般情况下，助动词会明显地弱读。Copyright19请看下面的例句，揣摩助动词在句中是如何被弱读的：–Doyoucomeherealot?–Theyweren’texpectingus.–They’rehavinganotherargument.–Wehaven’tbeentoldanythingyet.Copyright202.助动词弱读时的发音变化：助动词弱读时，其发音与单词音标中的发音会有一些不同，快读时，他们发音会变为：doyou/dəjuː/I’m/aim/weren’t/wəːnt/were/wə/they’re/ðɛə/I’ll/aiI/being/biŋ/have/həv/was/wəz/they’ve/ðei/been/bin/we’ll/wiːI/we’re/wiə/be/bi/haven’t/həvn/Copyright21Skill5：Dealingwiththeweakformof“of”1.Of的弱读形式：of在词典中的音标及它的重读形式为：/ɔv/，而当它出现在句子中时，很少采取strongform,而会采取其弱读形式，即/əv/。Copyright222.of与其他单词的连读当of前面单词的最后一个音为辅音时，该辅音与of的弱读形式的起首元音/ə/构成连读，可以构成一个音节来发音；同样道理，当of后面单词的第一个音为元音时，该元音与of弱读形式结尾的辅音/v/也构成连读。例如下面的短语：aflight⌒ofstairsapiece⌒offurnitureanitem⌒ofnewsapinch⌒ofsaltacarton⌒ofmilkabar⌒ofchocolateabunch⌒offlowersabundle⌒ofsticksasuite⌒ofroomacluster⌒ofhousesatouch⌒ofbitternessCopyright23Skill6：Dealingwiththeweakformsofprep