Chapter-3-Sentence-writing

LOGOHowmanytypesofsentencesarethereinEnglish?simple,compound,complex1.Introductionindicative,interrogative,imperative,exclamativeloose,periodic,parallelstructureFunctionRhetoricLengthshort,longClassificationIsawabeggaroncampusthismorning.(aloosesentence)ThismorningoncampusIsawabeggar.(aperiodicsentence)Hecontinuedworkingintheclassroombecausehehadn’tfinishedhisassignment.(?)(?)AparallelsentenceAparallelsentenceisasentencewhichbalancesconnectedpartsbyusingthesameformforideasjoinedequally.Itcanbeemployedbyauthorstoexpresspaireditems,tolistitemsinaseries,tobringupemphasis,ortomakeatransition.Readthefollowingexamplesofparallelism:1.Ourlockerroomissmall,chilly,anddirty.(Paralleladjectives)2.Ienjoyplayingbasketball,football,andhockey.(Parallelnouns)3.Ourdogranacrossthelawnandunderthehedge.(Parallelphrases)4.Werequestedthathesingourfavoritesongsandthatheallowustorecordthem.(Parallelclauses)Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.-----FrancisBaconSomebooksaretobetasted;otherstobeswallowed;somefewtobechewedanddigested.——FrancisBacon2.Correctsentencesstructurallycompletebeginningwithacapitalletterendingwithafullstop,aquestionmark,oranexclamationmarkexpressingasinglecompleteideaTherequirementsofcorrectsentences:2.Correctsentences1.Completenessinstructure2.Therightsubject3.Agreementbetweenthesubjectandthepredicateverb4.Agreementbetweenpronounandantecedent5.Clearpronounreference6.Endingsentenceswithfullstops7.Joiningclauseswithconjunctions8.Amainclauseinacomplexsentence9.Properuseofcomparison10.Correctuseofthetenses3.Coordination&subordinationAlthough/,though/,because/Since/whoorthat/asorthoughDefinitionsWhile/,and/,but/,yet/;/;however/,for/,soCoordinationSubordinationTherichmanwenttochurcheverySunday.Heneverdonatedacentforthebenefitofhisneighborhood.Thechoiceofcoordinationorsubordinationismainlydecidedbytherelationshipbetweentheideastobeexpressed.4.EffectivesentencesUnifiedCoherentConciseClearandcorrectarrangementofthepartsofasentenceOnemainideacompleteinasentenceBriefandclearIdentityAneffectivesentenceshouldbeEmphaticCoherentVariousUnityKeypointsChangeforvarietyWordyorconcise?清明时节雨，行人欲断魂。酒家何处有？遥指杏花村。清明时节雨，纷纷路上行人。欲断魂！借问酒家何处？有牧童，遥指杏花村。清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有？牧童遥指杏花村。OmitneedlesswordsVigorouswritingisconcise.Asentenceshouldcontainnounnecessarywords;aparagraphnounnecessarysentences,forthesamereasonthatadrawingshouldhavenounnecessarylinesandamachinenounnecessaryparts.Thisrequiresnotthatthewritermakeallsentencesshort,oravoidalldetailandtreatsubjectsonlyinoutline,butthateverywordtell.Manyexpressionsincommonuseviolatethisprinciple.thequestionastowhetherthereisnodoubtbutthatusedforfuelpurposesheisamanwhoinahastymannerthisisasubjectthatHerstoryisastrangeone.thereasonwhyisthatwhether(thequestionwhether)nodoubt(doubtless)usedforfuelhehastilythissubjectHerstoryisstrange.because“Thefactthat”isanespeciallydebilitatingexpression.Itshouldberevisedoutofeverysentenceinwhichitoccurs.owingtothefactthatinspiteofthefactthatcallyourattentiontothefactthatIwasunawareofthefactthatthefactthathehadnotsucceededthefactthatIhadarrivedsince(because)though(although)remindyou(notifyyou)Iwasunawarethat(didnotknow)hisfailuremyarrivalTheactivevoiceismoreconcisethanthepassive,andapositivestatementmoreconcisethananegativeone.Acommonwaytofallintowordinessistopresentasinglecomplexidea,stepbystep,inaseriesofsentencesthatmighttoadvantage(用某种方法使优点突出)becombinedintoone.Macbethwasveryambitious.ThisledhimtowishtobecomekingofScotland.Thewitchestoldhimthatthiswishofhiswouldcometrue.ThekingofScotlandatthistimewasDuncan.Encouragedbyhiswife,MacbethmurderedDuncan.HewasthusenabledtosucceedDuncanasking.(51words)Encouragedbyhiswife,MacbethachievedhisambitionandrealizedthepredictionofthewitchesbymurderingDuncanandbecomingkingofScotlandinhisplace.(26words)3.EffectivesentencesRealityConcisenessUnityCoherenceEmphasisVariety5.SummaryArun-onsentenceArun-onsentenceisonewhichincorrectlyrunstogethertwoindependentclauseswithoutaconjunctionorpunctuation.E.g.,*Theexamwaspostponedtheclasswascanceledaswell.*Theexamwaspostponed,theclasswascanceledaswell.Theexamwaspostponed.Theclasswascanceledaswell.Theexamwaspostponed,andtheclasswascanceledaswell.Theexamwaspostponed;theclasswascanceledaswell.Penelope,inHomer,istheloyalwifeofOdysseus,whodeclinesnumeroussuitorswhenherhusbandisontheanabasisfortwentyyears.However,inUlysses,wecansinkintoMolly’smindandfindoutwhatMollyislikebyreadingtherun-onsentenceas“StreamofConsciousness”(MollyBloom)“yeswhenIputtheroseinmyhairliketheAndalusiangirlsusedorshallIweararedyesandhowhekissedmeundertheMoorishwallandIthoughtwellaswellhimasanotherandthenIaskedhimwithmyeyestoaskagainyesandthenheaskedmewouldIyestosayyesmymountainflowerandfirstIputmyarmsaroundhimyesanddrewhimdowntomesohecouldfeelmybreastsall