必修四-unit4-grammar

现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前。现在分词作定语(Revision)1）awalkingstickdrinkingwaterawaitingroom2）workingpeople=thepeoplewhoareworkingtherisingsun=thesunthatisrising表功能特，性点表动作的进行3）asurprisingresultboringmusic表性质和特征动词-ing形式是短语，应放在所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.whocomefromseveralcountries.ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob.whichofferedmethejob.Thegirlstandingthereismyclassmate.whostandstherePractice:(1)The_______waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”A.smilingB.smiledC.smileD.tosmile(2)Thewolf(狼)spokeina_____voiceandMr.Dongguofelt______.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frighten;frighteningD.frightening;frighteningAA(3)It’spleasuretowatchthefaceofa____baby.A.asleepB.sleepC.sleepingD.slept(4)The____buildingsshowedusthatanearthquakewascoming.A.shakingB.shookC.shakenD.shakeCATheing-formastheAdverbial(状语)Imethimyesterday.Hediditcarefully.Tocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.Thewarbrokeoutin1990inasmalltown.Withouthishelp，wecouldn'tworkitout.状语？Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作，他就回家了。现在分词作状语现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它地各种形式变化主动形式被动形式V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed一般式完成式现在分词作状语Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.1）表时间状语doing强调同时发生Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentouttoplay.(=Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentouttoplay.)Havingtriedformanytimes,heinventedthelightbulb.=Afterhetriedformanytimes,he…bulb.Havingdone强调动作发生于谓语动词之前2)表原因状语Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.Notknowinghistelephonenumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.3)表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个动作，或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。Hestood_________againstthewallLaughingandtalkingleaning4)表结果Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表条件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead注意：1.当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：havingdone____________________________(完成作业之后),herushedouttoplaybasketball.Havingfinishedhishomework2.当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：havingbeendoneHavingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.Havingbeentranslatedintomanylanguages,thebookwaswidelyreadallovertheworld.3.非谓语的否定式not+doing/havingdoneNotknowinghistelephonenumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.4.v-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Rushingintothedining-room,supperwaswaitingforme.Rushingintothedining-room,Ifoundsupperwaswaitingforme.Whilevisitingastrangecity,aguide-bookisveryhelpful.Whilevisitingastrangecity,youmayfindaguide-bookveryhelpful.5.固定结构：Judgingfromhisappearance,hemustbeveryrich.Generallyspeaking,hisanswerisright.6.与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。Practise:(1)Theysetout____forthe____boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing(2)Thestudentsatthere,____whattodo.A.doesn’tknowingB.didn’tknowingC.notknowD.notknowingBD(3)Hesatthere_____,withhisheadonhishand.A.andthinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthought(4)The____PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.visiting;addB.visited;addingC.visiting;addingD.visited;addedBC(5)______inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(北京2004)A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.TohavewaitedC6.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.(MET91)A.ToprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)A.MakingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeB现在分词表结果状语A现在分词作伴随状语高考链接8.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.(MET93)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointD.andangrilypointingA现在分词作伴随状语9.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET92)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived10.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.(上海91年题)A.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.HavingnotknownCA现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。作原因状语11.Itseemedthatheavoided________(get)tooclosetoher.12.Readingis________(get),butspeakingthelanguageisalsoakindof______(learn).13.ThenewsthattheChineseteamwonthegoldmedalwasvery___________(encourage).14.ItisclearthatyourspokenEnglishwillgreatlyimproveifyoucanpractise_______(speak)wheneveryoucan.gettinglearninglearningencoura