英语句子成分分析

GrammarLearning2Stepone:ReviewingTest:1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语StepTwoTeachingaims:BriefintroductionstoEnglishsentences句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语StepThreeStudyagainbyleading㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancingShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.（四）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.5.Thatremainsapuzzle.6.Idon’tfeelatease.（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknownbetty’ssister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Doyousmellsomethingburning?•Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.StepFourTrainingandTestingExercises:分析句子结构1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappytoday.3）Whatyousaidmademehappy.4）CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.6）Helikespopmusic.7）Thesoundsoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabookyesterday.10）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.系动词1）状态系动词（be动词）例如：Heisateacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。4）感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。StepSixSummary:课堂小结句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语StepSevenHomework:Exercise3