同位语、表语、宾语、定语-状语从句分类概要

从句分类从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）主语从句用作主语，如：：Thattheearthisroundistrue.（斜体作主语）表语从句用作表语，如：Myopinionisthatyoushouldnotgoalone.（斜体作表语）宾语从句用作宾语。如：Doyouknowwherehelives?（斜体作宾语）同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：Thefactthattheearthisroundistrue.（that从句用于解释说明thefact）形容词性从句（即定语从句）定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.（斜体从句做了student的形容词，回答问题的学生）副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）状语从句相当于一个副词，如：Whenitrains,Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）Ifhecomestomorrow,youwillseehim.如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if+状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。（结果状语，结果状语只是仅限于learn（得知），find（发现），see，hear，tobetold（被告知），make（使得）等具有界限含义的动词。）Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.你必须大声说话，才能让所有人听到你说话。（目的状语，可以由that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase等词引导。）Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.天气那么糟，旅行就推迟了。（原因状语从句，常用because,since,as,forfear(恐怕),seeingthat(既然)，nowthat(=since),consideringthat(考虑到)等引导。）Though/Thoughhewaswornout,(still)hekeptonworking.虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。（让步状语从句，引导的连词主要有以下这些：though,although,as;evenif,eventhough;whether...or...;nomatter+疑问词，疑问词-ever.)WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方树很多。（地点状语从句，通常由where,wherever引导。）Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。（方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as…so…,asif,asthough引导。）1、由从属连词that,whether引导的主语从句。Thatshewasabletocomemadeusveryhappy.Thatpriceswillgoupiscertain.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.主语从句TheSubjectClause2.由连接代词who,whose,which,what引导的主语从句.Whichanswerisrightisn’tknowntous.Whodamagedthecomputerisnotyetknown.Whoistobesenttherehasn’tbeendecided.Whoseplanisbetterhasnotbeendiscussed.3.由连接副词when,where,how,why引导的主语从句Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Whereweshallholdthemeetingwillbediscussedattoday’smeeting.Whyhedidn'tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.4、为了保持句子结构平衡,有时it作形式主语,而将主语从句放到谓语部分后.Itistruethatshelosthernecklace.hewhaleisnotafish.Itneveroccurredtomethatperhapsshewaslying.ItissaidthattherehasbeenanearthquakeinIndia.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Itisnotknownwhenhewent.ItisnobusinessofyourswhereIspendmysummerholidays.Itisnotclearwhyhedidit.5.有关系代词型what引导的主语从句WhatIneed=(thethingwhichIneed)isamobilephone.Whatyousaidisperfectlytrue.Who,whom,which,what+everWhoevercomeswillbewelcome.Whateverwedomustbeintheinterestsofthepeople.Whicheverofyoucomesfirstwillreceiveaprize.Notice：1、引导主语从句的that在从句中起到结构的作用，在句意中没有意义，但不可省略。2、引导主语从句的whether不可用if替换。3、单个主语从句的谓语用第三人称单数形式。4、主语从句用陈述语序。Thateducationplaysavitalroleinallwalksoflifeisclear.Thateveryonemayreceiveatleastaseniorhighschooleducationissignificant.Thatallmenarecreatedequalandthatbothmenandwomenshouldenjoyequalrightsarenothingbutslogansanddesires.Whetheryoucansucceedinmakingyourdreamcometruedependsonhardworkmorethanluck.Whethercomputercanreplacetheroleofteachershaslongbeenahottopic.Howyouthinkandactwillinfluenceyourlife.Whereweloveishome.Whereourlanguageisstoredinthebrainandhowtheformandmeaningarestoredandwhethertheformandmeaningarestoredinthesameplaceorinadifferentplacearestillmajorproblemsforpsychologiststoprobeinto.Whenthesunisshiningisthebesttimetorepairtheroof.Whenyoucanfinishitdependsonyourefforts.Whysomanypeopleprefertoliveinthecityisbeyondme.Whyweneedtoloveandhateandwhyweneedtosetaclearlinebetweenourloveandhatearecommonplacequestions,butthesequestions,thoughcommonplace,defyeasyanswers.Whoeverwantstoreachadistantgoalmusttakemanysmallsteps.Whoeverdareswins.Whoeverseeksobtains.Whichwayyouturnisuptoyou.Whichgirlyouchoosetobeyourgirlfriendisyourdecision.Whatwedowillinglyiseasy.Whateverisatthecenterofourlifewillbethesourceofourwisdomandpower.Whateveryouloveinthisworldlovesyouinreturn.Whatyouneedismorepractice.Itdoesn’tmakeanydifferencewhethertheyjoinusornot.Thathehasdonehisbestisobvious.Whentheywillcomeisstillnotknown.Whatsheneedsismoremoney.Howthecriminalescapedwasamystery.Whoevercomesiswelcomed.Howhesucceededwasamystery.Whetherwewillholdapartyoutsidetomorrowdependsontheweather.Whatshehasdoneisnotclear.Whereshehasgoneisnotknown.Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.Itissheerluckthatheisstillalive.Whentheywillgetmarriedremainsunknown.Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.宾语从句：宾语从句引导词时态语序1、That2、Whether/if3、疑问词1、主句为现在时，从句的时态可以为任何时态。2、主句为过去时，从句的时态为过去时的一种。3、从句为客观真理，自然现象，永恒不变的规律，只用一般现在时。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序。当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中通常省略。当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否“。如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。找引导词:1.Idon'tknow______hewillcometomorrow.A.ifB.whetherC.whatD.bothAandB2.Idon'tknow______itisgoingtorainornottomorrow.A.ifB.whetherC.bothAandB3.Ithink_____someoneforgottosweepthefloor.A.thatB./C.whereD.bothAandB4.Heaskedme______sheputthebooks.A.whatB.whereC.whoD.that选择正确的选项1.A:Couldyoutellme?B:Yes,I'llshowyou.A.whatshouldIdowiththecomputerB.howcanIusethecomputerC.howtousethecomputerD.whatIhowtousethecomputer2.