TPA方法部分名词解释

Table1.PARAMETERSASDENOTEDWITHINORIGINALSZCZESNIAKetal(1963)ANDBOURNE(1978)TPAWORKPARAMETER参数SENSORIALDEFINITION感官定义INSTRUMENTALDEFINITION仪器定义UNITS单位PRIMARY基本参数4simpleparametersutilisedindeterminingthemannerinwhichafoodishandledandbehaveswithinthemouth4个基本参数反应了食品在嘴里的基本特性感觉HARDNESS硬度Forcerequiredtocompressasamplebetweenthemolars牙齿挤压样品的力量Peakforceinthefirstcompressioncycle第一次挤压循环的最大力量峰值Newton(N)牛顿SPRINGINESS弹性Rateatwhichadeformedmaterialreturnstoitsoriginalshapeonremovalofdeformingforce形变样品在去掉挤压力时恢复原状的比率Heightthatthefoodrecoversduringthetimeelapsedbetweentheendofthefirstbiteandthestartofthesecond第一挤压结束后第二次挤压开始前样品恢复的高度Meters(m)米ADHESIVENESS粘附性Workrequiredtoovercomeattractiveforcesbetweensurfaceofthefoodandsurfaceofothermaterialswithwhichthefoodcomesintocontact.克服食品表面同其他物质表面接触之间的吸引力所需要的能量Thenegativeareaforthefirstbite,representingtheworknecessarytopullthecompressingplungerawayfromthesample.第一次挤压的负峰面积，是探头脱离样品表面所做的功positioningofprobemustensurebreakisformedonretraction必须确保探头完全同样品脱离开Joules(J)焦耳COHESIVENESS内聚性Thestrengthofinternalbondsmakingupthebodyoftheproduct(greaterthevaluethegreaterthecohesiveness)样品内部的收缩力（数值越大，内聚性越强）Theratioofpositiveareaduringthesecondtothatofthefirstcompressioncycle(downwardstrokesonly)第二次挤压循环的正峰面积同第一次挤压循环的正峰面积的比值（必须是下压试验）RatioDimension-less比率，无量纲SECONDARY二级参数3additionalparametersusedtomakecharacterisationasmeaningfulaspossible,whilstretainingprinciplesofrheology3个额外的参数是样品特性研究的一个延伸，反映了一些流变学特性FRACTURABILITY脆裂性Forceatwhichthesampleormaterialfractures.样品出现折断时的力Thefirstsignificantbreakinthefirstcompressioncycle第一次挤压循环时出现的第一个破裂力Newton(N)牛顿GUMMINESS胶粘性EnergyrequiredtodisintegrateaSEMI-SOLIDfoodforswallowing半固体食品吞咽前破碎它需要的能量calculatedparameter:HardnessxCohesiveness计算值=硬度值X内聚性Newton(N)牛顿CHEWINESS咀嚼度或适口度EnergyrequiredtochewaSOLIDforswallowing咀嚼固体样品时需要的能量Calculatedparameter:GumminessxSpringiness计算值=胶粘性x弹性Joules(J)焦耳FtDownDownUpUpSPRINGINESS(mm)=V26V10-V9=SprinignessSTROKEDIRECTIONOFINSTRUMENTFRACTUREN=V13mm=V14HARDNESS1(1stPEAK)N=V15mm=V16INITIALMODULUS(N/mm)RateatwhichloaddevelopsinlinearregionoftestWORKINPUT1J=V17Fig.TPA方法参数计算ADHESIVEFORCE=V19(N)MAX–VEFORCEFROM1STCYCLEADHESIVENESS=V20(J)WORKTOBREAKCONTACTV9V10CALCULATEDPARAMETERS:COHESIVENESS(V25)=WORKINPUTCYCLE2/WORKINPUTCYCLE1(V23/V17)Morecohesiveandelasticsamplecloservalueisto1(refertospecificFoodTextureSolutionnoteforfulldefinitions)GUMMINESS=HARDNESSxCOHESIVENESS(V15xV25)CHEWINESS=HARDNESSxCOHESIVENESSxSPRINGINESS(V15xV25xV26)WORKINPUT2J=V23WORKRETURNED1J=V18WORKRETURNED2J=V24HARDNESS2(2ndPEAK)N=V21mm=V22STRINGINESS(mm)V5-V3=STRINGINESSV3V5MODPOINT1@5%OFDEF(V29mm)MODPOINT2@20%OFDEF(V30mm)名词解释一、Procedure（过程）：1.Totalcycles:Enterthenumberofrepetitioncyclesforthetest.Thiscanbeanynumberfrom1to255.IfyouselectaTPAtestthiswillautomaticallybesetto2.1．循环数：可设置1到255次，TPA模式自动设置为2次。2.Holdtime:Entertherequiredholdtimeinseconds.Thiscanbeanynumberbetween0and999.Onlyvalidforcompressionortensiontestswheretheprobeisnotrequiredtoreturnattestspeed.IfaholdtimeisenteredthentheReturnattestspeedcheckboxwillbedisabledandtheQTSwillpauseattheturningpointinacycleforthespecifiedholdtime.2．保持时间：可设置0到999秒，仅在拉、压模式下有效，而且设定后“以检测速度返回”框变灰，设备在循环的反转点将保持指定的时间。3.Recovery:Entertherequiredrecoverytimeinseconds.Thiscanbeanynumberbetween0and999.OnlyvalidinTPAmode.IfarecoverytimeisenteredthentheQTSwillpauseforthespecifiedrecoverytimebetweenthetwocycles.3．恢复时间：可设置0到999秒，仅在TPA模式下有效，在两次循环之间暂停指定的时间。4.Triggerpoint:ThisistheloadatwhichtheQTStriggers.Thedefaultis5gortheequivalentintheunitsyouhaveselected.Thevaluecanbesetfrom0to99g.Ifyousetthevaluetoolow,theQTSmaytriggertooearlyandnotcarryoutthetestcorrectly.4．起动点：可设置0到99g（负载）5.Testspeed:Entertherequiredtestspeedinmmperminute.Thiscanbesetfrom2mm/minto1000mm/min.5．检测速度：可设置2mm/min到1000mm/min6.targetvalue:Targetvaluecanbeaload,adistanceorapercentagedeformationdependingonwhichtargetunityouhaveselected.Therangesare0-25000gforload,0-400mmfordistanceor0-100%fordeformation.6．目标值（终点值）：可设置为：载荷（0到25000g）、距离（0到400mm）、形变百分比（0到100%）。7.TPBsupportspan:Onlyforusewithathree-pointbendrig(QTS-TPB).Ifyouareusingathree-pointbendrigandwanttocalculatethestressandstraininyoursample,enterthespanbetweenthetwosupportpointsonthetestriginmm.Otherwiseleavethissettozero.7．TPB支撑跨度：仅用于TPB平台（三点弯曲平台）时，为了计算应力、应变，输入平台上两个支点之间的距离。8.Back-offdistance:Entertheback-offdistancetobeusedwhenrunningatest.IftheBack-offenabledcheckboxisticked,theprobewillfirstdescendthisdistancebeforecommencingthetestandoncompletionofthetestitwillreturntotheoriginalstartingpoint.8．回复距离：测试时使用，测试前首先下降指定距离，当测试结束，探头将回到原始位置。9.probetype:Atextentryboxtoallowyoutorecordthetypeofprobeortestrigused.9．探头类型：记录使用的探头或平台类型。10.Sledweight:Enterthesledweighttobeusedinthestaticandkineticfrictioncalculations.10．滑动重力：用来计算静摩擦和动摩擦。二、Textureresults:(1)PrimaryCalculations（初次计算）:1.FractureForce1:Thefirstsignificantbreakinthefirstcompressioncycle.Takenasfirstpeakforcepriortoforcedroppingbyatleast5%.[g]1．第一次破裂力：第一次压循环中的第一次显著的破裂。用第一个压力下降超过5%的峰值。2.HardnessCycle1:Peakforceofthefirstcompressioncycle.[g]2．第一次循环硬度：第一次压循环力的峰值。[克]3.Cohesiveness:Thera