-基于单片机的多路报警器设计 - 副本

本科毕业设计基于单片机的多路报警器设计摘要随着科学技术的日新月异，人类社会取得了很大的进步。在生活、工农业生产、气象、环保、国防、科研、航天等领域，经常都需要对环境中的温度、湿度、光照强度、气体等环境参数进行检测及控制。而且随着可燃可爆性气体种类和应用范围的增加，贮气仓库内的气体泄漏、火灾爆炸事故日益增多。从安全、环保及经济等方面上考虑，研制一种实用的多路报警系统是非常必要的。基于这个需求，本设计利用传感器对环境中的温湿度以及可燃气体进行检测，当这些参数不符合预定设置的参数值时，就会自动报警。系统选用MQ_2气体传感器对现场可燃性气体浓度进行检测，选用AM2301温湿度传感器对温度和空气湿度进行检测，采用功能和性价比较高的AVRATmega16单片机作为中央处理单元，对环境参数进行采集处理并产生自动报警。本设计可以检测空气中以烷类气体为主的多种可燃性气体的浓度，以及空气温湿度，当达到预先设定的上限或下限报警设定值时，发出声音报警信号，以提示操作人员采取安全对策或自动控制相关安全装置。该报警器可以实时、准确检测可燃性气体以及温湿度并且可以长时间可靠无误的报警，具有很广泛的应用前景和推广价值。关键词：可燃气体温湿度单片机报警器Multi-wayAlarmBasedonMCUZengXiaoling(CollegeofEngineering,SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangzhou510642,China)Abstract:Withtheadvancesofscienceandtechnology,humansocietyhasmadegreatprogress.Inlife,industrialandagriculturalproduction,weather,environmentalprotection,defense,research,aerospaceandotherfields,oftenwantodetectandcontroltheenvironmentalparameterssuchastemperature,humidity,lightintensity,gasconcentration.Andwiththeincreaseofkindandrangeofcombustibleandexplosivegas,thenumberofgasleak,fireandexplosionintheairstoragewarehouseincreasing.Bebasedonsecurity,environmentalandeconomicconsiderations,developedapracticalmulti-channelalarmsystemisnecessary.Baseonthisdemand,thisdesignusesasensortodetecttemperature,humidityandcombustiblegas,whentheseparametersdonotmeetthepre-determinedparametervalues,itwillautomaticallyalarm.UseMQ_2gassensorforcombustiblegasconcentrationdetection,AM2301temperatureandairhumiditysensorfortemperatureandairhumiditytesting,functionalityandcost-effectiveAVRATmega16microcontrollerasacentralprocessingunit,tocollectingandprocessingenvironmentalparametersandalarmautomatically.Thedesigncandetecttheconcentrationsofavarietyofcombustiblegassuchasn-hexane,aswellastemperatureandhumidity,whentheyreachesthepre-setupperorlowerlimitalarmsettingvalues,itwillsendoutthesoundalarmsignalthatpromptstheoperatortotakesafetymeasuresorautomaticcontrolsafetydevices.Thealarmsystemcanaccuratelydetectcombustiblegasinrealtime,aswellastemperatureandhumidity,andcanreliablyandcorrectlyworkforalongtime.Ithasaverybroadapplicationprospectsandpromotionvalue.Keywords:flammablegastemperatureandhumiditysingle-chipmicrocomputeralarmI目录1前言........................................................................................................................................11.1课题研究的背景.................................................................................................................11.2课题研究的目的和意义.....................................................................................................21.3可燃气体、温湿度报警器国内外现状.............................................................................32系统功能及方案设计............................................................................................................42.1系统方案比较.....................................................................................................................52.2系统整体方案设计.............................................................................................................52.3系统功能介绍.....................................................................................................................63报警系统硬件设计................................................................................................................73.1单片机原理.........................................................................................................................73.1.1单片机原理概述..............................................................................................................73.1.2ATmega16单片机的介绍...............................................................................................83.2电路系统设计.....................................................................................................................93.2.1单片机最小系统..............................................................................................................93.2.2环境参数采集电路设计................................................................................................103.2.3报警部分电路设计........................................................................................................124报警系统软件设计..............................................................................................................134.1编译器ICCAVR的介绍..................................................................................................134.2系统软件设计...................................................................................................................134.2.1整体系统软件设计........................................................................................................134.2.2报警部分软件设计........................................................................................................145调试和测试..........................................................................................................................155.1软硬件调试.......................................................................................................................155.2系统功能测试........................