主谓一致

主谓一致要点精讲山东省滕州二中高一英语组杨常金“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时谓语动词为单数，由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那个工人兼作家…)TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.(那位工人和那位作家)常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：theneedleandthread针线saltandwater盐和水thefolkandknife刀叉ironandsteel钢铁timeandtide岁月(时间和潮水)BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.BothCathyandherdaughterLindahavegonefishinginCanada.2.everyoneofoneofeachofeitherof+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Eachofthestudentshasabook.3.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语用单数。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.4.Every…and(every)…,each…and(each)…,no…and(no)…,manya…and(manya)…连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.5.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,majority,crew,audience,public,government,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。HisfamilyisinHarbin.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.Thisclassconsistsof45students.Mr.Greenteachesit．Thisclassarealldiligent.Mr.Greenteachesthem.Theteamisthebestintheleague．这个队在联赛中打得最好。Thefootballteamarehavingbaths．足球队队员们在洗澡。1．Hisfamily_______asmallone．2．Hisfamily_______fatandshort．A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry诗歌，baggage／luggage行李，furniture家俱，scenery景色等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。6.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.7.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。1.Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.2.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbysea.3.Overtwentypercentofthecitywasdestroyedinthewar.4.Forty-fivepercentofthedoctorswerewoman.8.由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致——就近原则。NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.9.由therebe引导的句子，当主语不是一个时，谓语动词通常与最近的主语一致。NotonlyIbutJaneandMary_____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.(89’)A.isB.areC.amD.be析:由“or,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,notonly…butalso”连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。10.主语后跟“with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift．A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?WeChinese____ahard-workingpeople．A.isB.areC.isbeingD.arebeing此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子：1.ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJim．2.Theplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudy．3.ThemostimportantthingIneedisbooks．4.Thecountry'sleadingexportiswatches．5.Thebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies．1.______youorhetheteacherofEnglish?2.Neithermysisternormymother______presentatthemeeting.A.Are,wasB.Is,wereC.Are,areD.Is,isWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______yet.(91’)A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided析:当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。AI,notyou,______wrong.NotIbuthe______beeninvited.A.were,haveB.were,hasC.was,hasD.was,have有否定形式加入时,动词看肯定形式。every并列使用时，动词取单数。Everyboyandeverygirl______thateachdayandeachhourbrings______duty.A.know,theirB.knows,theirC.knows,itsD.know,itsE-mail,aswellastelephones,____animportantpartindailycommunication.(99上海2)A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play1.Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity．A.isB.areC.amD.be2.NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind．A.isB.areC.amD.be3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother．A.isB.areC.amD.be4.Nottheteacher,butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm．A.isB.areC.amD.be5.Awomanwithsomechildren______soon．A.iscomingB.arecomingC.hascomeD.havecome6.Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis。A.knowB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown7．Theteacheraswellasthestudents______thebookalready．A.hasreadB.havereadC.arereadingD.isreading8．Allbutone____intheaccident．A.waskilledB.werekilledC.willbekilledD.arekilled9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were10.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are