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一、现在完成时的构成助动词have(has)+动词过去分词二、现在完成时的句式结构肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.否定句:主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词+其他.疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?三、过去分词的构成ABBAAAABC1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。四、现在完成时的用法--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)常和副词already,yet,never,ever,before,just等连用1).already&yetalready“已经”用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。yet用在疑问句中表“已经”,用在否定句中表“还”,常放在句末。IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.我已经看过这部电视剧了。--Haveyoufoundyourlostpenyet?--No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.2).just“刚刚”表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。HehasjustcomebackfromBeijing.他刚从北京回来。HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?3).ever“曾经”用于疑问句或否定句中,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。5).before“以前”指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。Ihaven’theardofitbefore.4).never“从不”常放在助动词与过去分词之间。IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.2.表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直延续至今(v.必须是延续性动词),还可能继续下去。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语从句连用。Shehaslivedheresinceshewasborn.自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。since+表示过去的时间点;since+一段时间+ago;since+从句(一般过去时)“自……以来”Mr.Wanghasworkedheresince1984.自1984年以来,王老师就在这里工作。for+一段时间;“长达”sofar…注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg:Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。Ihaveneverhadacar.我从未有过汽车。HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?你去过颐和园吗?用于现在完成时的句型:1.Itisthefirst/secondtime…that+定语从句(现在完成时)2.2.This/That/Itisthe+adj.最高级+n.+that定语从句(现在完成时)ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhave(ever)seen.ThisisthebestteathatIhave(ever)drunk.五、短暂性动词与延续性动词之间的转换短暂性动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束,所以与for和since引导的时间状语连用的肯定句、疑问句中不能用连续性动词(在否定句中可以),以下两种方式可以解决此问题:Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。1.常用相应的延续性动词have,keep或短语“be+名词(形容词、位置副词、介词短语)”来代替短暂性动词。巧记10个常用短暂性动词开始离去(begin,leave,go),借来还(borrow,come,return),出生入死(join,die),买到家(buy,arrive)。become→be,begin→beon,borrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/indie→bedead,join→bein…(beamemberof…)leave→beaway(from…),return→bebackfinish→beover,下一页上一页主菜单2.也可以仍用原短暂性动词,用句型:Itis+一段时间+since从句(一般过去时).=一段时间+haspassed+since从句(一般过去时).=一般过去时+一段时间+ago.上一页下一页主菜单1.电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan.Fiveminuteshaspassedsincethefilmbegan.Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.2.他入党五年了。HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.ItisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty.FiveyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheParty.HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.六、havebeento与havegonetohavebeento…意思是“到过,去过”表示曾经去过某处,但现在已经回来。(常与twice,severaltimes,ever,never连用)。HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾经去过南京吗?havegoneto…意思是“去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已到达。--Whereisshe?--ShehasgonetoNanjing.她已经去南京了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”七、与一般过去时的用法比较上一页下一页主菜单HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页第一句用现在完成时时态,意为:“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典,现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实,至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。主菜单现在完成时练习题1.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.(改为一般疑问句)2._______you_________yourhomework_______?2.Shehasalreadyseenthefilm.(改为否定句)3._______________seenthefilm_______.3.MysisterhaslearntEnglishformorethan12years.(对划线部分提问)4.______________has_______sister_________English?4.LaurahasneverbeentoHongKong.(改为反义疑问句)1.LaurahasneverbeentoHongKong,_____________?2.5.这是我见到的最大的城市。2.ThisisthebiggestcitythatI_______ever______.句型转换HavefinishedyetShehasn’tyetHowlongyourlearnthaveshehaveseenRevisionfor现在完成时态1)She_____just______backfromtown.她刚从城里回来。)2)______youever___________Paris?(你去过巴黎吗?)3)-----Haveyou_____(get)theplanreadyyet?-----No,notyet.(---计划做好了吗?---还没做好。)4)I______never_______ofanythinglikethat.(我从来没听说过这样的事。)5)He_____already_________hisexercises.(他已经完成了他的练习。)hascomeHavebeentogothaveheardhasfinished动词填空:1._____youalready________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3._____youever______(be)theremanytimes?HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawHavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.6.-How______she_____(go)thereyesterday?-She_____(go)therebyair.7.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.8.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.9.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowent下一页上一页主菜单havedevelopedgavehasgiven选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页主菜单B)试做下列练习(用for或since填空)1.HehaslivedinNanjing______twoyearsago.2.I’veknownhim______wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese______threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity_______abouttenye
本文标题:现在完成时态
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