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当前位置:首页 > 机械/制造/汽车 > 汽车理论 > 从句中that和what的用法
that与what从句用法that与what从句是中学课本的一项重要语法内容,也是学生易出错的地方。现将其用法归纳如下:一、引导主语从句that与what都可引导主语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:Whathesaidatthemeetingwasveryimportant.他在会上所说的非常重要。(what在主语从句中作宾语)Whatsurprisedusisthathediditalone.使我们吃惊的是他一个人做了那项工作。(what在主语从句中作主语)Thathediditalonesurprisedus.他独自完成了那项工作使我们感到吃惊。(that用来引导主语从句,在句中不作成分)二、引导宾语从句that与what都可引导宾语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,一般情况下可以省略但当有两个以上的宾语从句时,只能省掉第一个that。what在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:Theystoppedtoseewhatwashappening.他们停下来看发生了什么事情。(what在宾语从句中作主语)Theteachergotangrybecauseofwhattheboyhaddone.那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)Allthepeoplebelievedthatitwasrighttorescuethetemple.所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。(that在宾语从句中不作句子成分且可省略)Wemustbelievethateachoneofusisabletodosomethingwellandthatwhenwediscoverwhatthissomethingiswemustworkhardatituntilwesucceed.我们必须相信,我们每一个人都能把某件事情办好;而且,当我们发现这事情是什么的时候,我们就必须努力干下去,直到成功为止。(第一个that可省略,第二个that不能省略)三、引导表语从句that与what都可引导表语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,且不能省略;what在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:Maryisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.玛丽不再是从前那样了。(what在表语从句中作表语)Thequestioniswhatweshoulddotopreventhimfromgoing.问题是我们怎样做才能阻止他去。(what在表语从句中作动词do的宾语)Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometodayisthathismotherisill.他今天没来的原因是他母亲病了。(that只起连接作用)四、引导同位语从句that与what都可引导同位语从句,修饰表示抽象概念的名词,对所修饰的名词的具体内容进行详细阐述。这类名词有:fact,idea,news,hope,belief,promise,thought,suggestion,proposal等。that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:Ihavenoideawhatweshoulddonext.我不知道我们下一步该做什么。(what在同位语从句中作宾语)Hemadeapromisethathewouldstudyhard.他许诺要努力学习。that只起连接作用Theboyexpressedhishopethathewouldbeapilotwhenhegrowsup.那个男孩儿表达了他长大后想当一名飞行员的愿望。(that只起连接作用)五、引导定语从句that可引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语或宾语,that既可指人也可指物。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。如:Thisisoneofthebuildingsthatwerebuiltlastyear.这是去年建的楼房之一。(that在定语从句中作主语,指物,不能省略。)Thedoctorthatyoumetinthestreetyesterdaycamehere20yearsago.你昨天在街上遇到的那位医生二十年前就来到这里了。that在从句中作宾语,指人并可省略。注:what不能引导定语从句。如不能说:1.Hedidallwhathecouldtosavethepatient.2.Allwhatheneedsismoretime.应将句中的what改为that,或去掉what,还可以将以上两句中的all去掉,但两句的结构发生了根本的改变:句1中的what引导宾语从句,句2中的what引导主语从句。六、引导状语从句so...thatsuch...thatsothat结构引导状语从句。what不能引导状语从句,但whatever,nomatterwhat可引导让步状语从句。如:HemadesuchrapidprogressinEnglishthatbeforelonghecouldwritearticlesforanAmericannewspaper.他的英语进步很快,不久就能为美国的一家报社写文章了。Putthelittleplantsintheshadesothatthesunwon’tburnthem.请把幼苗放在阴凉处以免太阳晒枯它们。Don’tbelievehimnomatterwhathesays.无论他说什么,都不要相信他。that与what从句用法浅谈(二)七、高考英语试题例:1、______causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where2、Insomecountries______iscalledequalitydoesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one3、ChenJiagenwasborninafamilyin______isnowthespecialeconomiczoneofChina.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which4、Waterwillcontinuetobe_______itistoday-------nextinimportancetooxygen.A.howB.whichC.asD.what(根据全句的意思“水在将来还是现在的状况--其重要性仅次于氧气。”判断,空格处缺少一个表语从句引导词,并且这个引导的意思是“……的状况”。)(正确答案是:1.AB23.B4.D)很显然,这几题是为了考查学生是否掌握了what和that的实际含义及引导名词性从句时的用法差异而设定。那what和that在引导名词性从句时究竟有怎样的差别呢?(一)、当what用作连接代词,引导名词性从句时,可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句(不可引导同位语从句);它本身在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。1、what表示“所以……的(事)”的意思,相当于“thething(s)that…”、“allthat…”、“thatwhich…”、“everythingthat…”等。例如:(1)LeaveitwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.(what引导宾语从句,并作do的宾语。)(2)Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.(what引导主语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)(3)Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(what引导主语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)(4)Whatismostimportantinlifeisn’tmoney.(what引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。)(5)Butwaittillyouseewhatwe’llmakeforyoutoyourownmeasure.(what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)(6)Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld.(what引导主语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)2、what表示“所……的(人)”的意思,相当于“thepersonthat…”等。例如:(1)Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.(what引导表语从句,并在从句中作表语。)(2)Sheisnolongerwhatshewasfiveyearsago.(what引导表语从句,并在从句中作表语。)(二)、当that用作连接词,引导名词性从句时,可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句,that在从句中既不充当任何成分,也无实际意义,仅起着连接句子的作用。一般不可省略(宾语从句除外)。若从句置于句子后面,代词it作形式主语。例如:(1)Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.(that引导主语从句)。(2)ItisafactthatChineseisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(that引导主语从句)(3)Canyoubelieve(that)insucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople?(that引导宾语从句)(4)Tomfeltthathekneweverybody’sbusinessbetterthantheyknewitthemselves.(that引导宾语从句)(5)Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon..(that引导同位语从句)(6)Anotherproblemisthatgoodsoilisgraduallylost.(that引导表语从句)(7)Butthetruthisthateveryoneshouldtakecareofdisabledpeople,notjustthegovernment.(that引导表语从句)
本文标题:从句中that和what的用法
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