专业英语语法：倒装句、强调句、

Inversion倒装句Inversion倒装Inversionisthechangingoftheorderofthewordsinasentence.Whenweuseinversion,weputthepredicateorpartofitbeforethesubject.Thisputsemphasisonthepredicateinsteadofonthesubject.Wecanuseinversioninmanycases.一、全部倒装全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。常见的结构有：1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等。Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词。Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构里的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.Awaywenttherunners.二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1、句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidhismotherleavetheroom.当notuntil引出主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。另外，有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后也要用倒装。如：Innocaseshouldyougiveup.你绝不能放弃。Onnoconditionshouldwetellheraboutit.我们绝不能把此事告诉她。Onnoaccountsmustthisswitchbetouched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。Undernocircumstancesshouldyoulendhimanymoney.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他注意：如否定词不在句首则不倒装。Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.典型例题1)---Whycan’tIsmokehere?---Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatlightis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn’tmanknowD.didmanknow改写为正常语序为：Mandidnotknowwhatlightisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.2、句首为否定意义的关连词,如：notonly…butalso,hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than1）Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.2）Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.3）Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.典型例题Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun注意：只有当notonly…butalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。Notonlydidtheypresentamusicalperformance,buttheyalsogaveabriefintroductiontothehistoryofWesternbrassinstruments.他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.3、so,neither,nor在表示“也”、“也不”的结构中，句子要部分倒装。1）TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.2）Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.典型例题---DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?---Idon’tknow,_____.A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon'tcareneitherD.Idon‘tcarealso注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，意为“的确如此”，不用倒装结构。1)TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.2)---It’sraininghard.---Soitis.4、only在句首要倒装的情况1）Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.2)Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.5、as/though引导的让步从句，将表语、状语或谓语的一部分前置（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前），表示强烈的对照。注意：1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。2)句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.Intheclassroomas/thoughhestays,hedoesn’treadhistexts.6、其他部分倒装1）so…that句型中的so位于句首时需倒装。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.Sointerestingisthatstorythateveryonewantstoreadit.Sogoodagirlisshethatwealllikeher.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。Mayyouallbehappy.Mayyouhaveagoodjourney.祝你旅途愉快。Mayyousucceed.祝你成功。3）感叹句中的倒装。如：Isn’titbeautiful!难道还不漂亮！Aren’tyoucontentwithit!难道还不知足！4)在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadyouworkedhard,youwouldhavefinisheditearly.Practice1.______thathecouldnotspeakforalongtime.A.SofrightenedwasheB.SofrightenedhewasC.WashesofrightenedD.Frightenedwashe2.Onlywhenclassbegan______thathehadlefthisbookathome.A.willherealizeB.hedidrealizeC.didherealizeD.shouldherealizeAC3.______thatIcouldn’tbeabsorbedinthework.A.TheymadesuchtalkedB.SoloudlytheytalkedC.ItwasnoiseoutsideD.Suchaloudnoisedidtheymake4.______Iwouldseeyouhere.A.LittleIdreamedB.LittledoIdreamC.IdreamedlittleD.LittledidIdream5._____theplane.A.FlewdownB.DownflewC.DownwasflyingD.DownflyDDB6.Sheneverlaughed,____losehertemper.A.norsheeverdidB.orsheeverdidC.ordidsheeverD.nordidsheever她从未开怀大笑过，也从未发过脾气。7.____thebuildingdidherealizethattherewasdangereverywhereinit.A.UponenteringB.WhenheenteredC.OnlyafterenteringD.Afterhehadentered8.Onnoaccount____everleavethebabyathomealone.A.shouldyouB.youshouldC.shallyouD.youshall9.Nowherebutintheremotestregionofthecountry____findaplacetosettledown.A.canheB.hecanC.heD.forhimto10.Justasrelaxationisanimportantpartofourlives,____stress.A.soisB.asitisC.andsoisD.thesameis11.____willMr.Forbesbeabletoregaincontrolofthecompany.A.WithhardworkB.OnlyifheworkshardlyC.InspiteofhishardworkD.OnlywithhardworkInvertthesentenceswithnegativewords1.Ihaveneverseensuchbeautifulflowersinthecity.2.IdonothavetimetogotothemuseumtodayandIalsodonotwantto.NeverhaveIseensuchbeautifulflowersinthecity.NeitherdoIhavetimetogotothemuseumtodayandnordoIwantto.3.Ihadhardlystartedtolookatthepaintingswhentheteachersaiditwastimetoleavethemuseum.4.Theartistisalwaysdrawing;heisseldomseenwithoutanotebookinhishand.HardlyhadIstartedtolookatthepaintingswhentheteachersaidit