《地下工程防水技术规范》GB50108-2008

1GB50108-2008《地下工程防水技术规范》2目录前言·······································································31总则·····································································42术语·····································································53地下工程防水设计3.1一般规定································································63.2防水等级································································73.3防水设防要求····························································94地下工程混凝土结构主体防水4.1防水混凝土······························································124.2水泥砂浆防水层··························································274.3卷材防水层······························································294.4涂料防水层······························································404.5塑料防水板防水层························································454.6金属防水层······························································494.7膨润土防水材料防水层····················································514.8地下工程种植顶板防水····················································555地下工程混凝土结构细部构造防水5.1变形缝································································585.2后浇带································································695.3穿墙管（盒）·····························································725.4埋设件··································································755.5预留通道接头····························································765.6桩头···································································785.7孔口···································································795.8坑、池·································································806地下工程排水6.1一般规定································································816.2设计···································································816.3材料···································································866.4施工···································································897注浆防水7.1一般规定································································897.2设计···································································917.3材料···································································917.4施工···································································928特殊施工法的结构防水8.1盾构法隧道······························································938.2沉井···································································998.3地下连续墙······························································1008.4逆筑结构································································1028.5锚喷支护································································1049地下工程渗漏水治理9.1一般规定································································10439.2方案设计································································1059.3治理材料································································1079.4施工···································································10810其他规定·································································109附录A安全与环境保护·······················································110前言本规范是根据建设部“关于印发《2005年工程建设标准规范制定、修订计划(第一批)》的通知”建标函[2005]84号的要求，由总参工程兵科研三所会同有关单位，对国家标准《地下工程防水技术规范》GB50108-2001进行修订的基础上编制完成的。本规范共分10章，主要内容包括：总则；术语；地下工程防水设计；地下工程混凝土结构主体防水；地下工程混凝土结构细部构造防水；地下工程排水；注浆防水；特殊施工法的结构防水；地下工程渗漏水治理；其他规定。本次修编的主要内容是：提高了防水等级为二级的地下工程防水标准；增加新的防水材料和防水施工技术；与国内外相关规范协调与接轨；重视结构耐久性和环境保护；淘汰落后的防水材料，对不适应国家发展要求的条文进行修改。本规范中以黑体字标志的条文为强制性条文，必须严格执行。本规范由住房和城乡建设部负责管理和对强制性条文的解释，由国家人民防空办公室负责日常管理，由总参工程兵科研三所负责具体技术内容的解释。本规范在执行过程中，请各单位结合工程实践，认真总结经验，注意积累资料，随时将意见和建议反馈给总参工程兵科研三所（地址：河南洛阳，总参工程兵科研三所，邮政编码：471023），以供今后修订时参考。本规范主编单位、参编单位和主要起草人：主编单位：总参工程兵科研三所参编单位：山西建筑工程(集团)总公司中冶集团建筑研究总院上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司中国建筑科学研究院中铁隧道集团有限公司科研所深圳大学建筑设计研究院中国建筑业协会建筑防水分会北京城建设计研究总院有限责任公司中国建筑防水材料工业协会主要起草人：冀文政朱忠厚张玉玲朱祖熹姚源道李承刚李治国蔡庆华雷志梁张道真曲慧郭德友卓越哈成德沈秀芳潘水艳《地下工程防水技术规范》GB50108-2008的修编，对参编单位和参编人员进行了调整，得到北京圣洁防水材料有限公司、深圳卓宝科技股份有限公司、广东科顺化工实业有限公司、成都赛特防水材料有限责任公司、格雷斯中国有限公司、捷高科技（苏州）有限公司、上海渗克防水材料有限公司、深圳港创建材股份有限公司的协助与支持。为便于广大设计、施工、科研、学校等单位有关人员在使用规范时能正确理解和执行条文规定，《地下工程防水技术规范》编制组按章、节、条顺序编制了规范的条文说明，供使用者参考。在使用过程中如发现本条文说明有不妥之处，请将意见函寄总参工程兵科研三所（地4址：河南洛阳市总参工程兵科研三所，邮政编码：471023）。1总则1.0.1为使地下工程防水的设计和施工符合确保质量、技术先进、经济合理、安全适用的要求，制定本规范。1.0.1地下工程由于深埋在地下，时刻受地下水的渗透作用，如防水问题处理不好，致使地下水渗漏到工程内部，将会带来一系列问题；影响人员在工程内正常的工作和生活；使工程内部装修和设备加快锈蚀。使用机械排除工程内部渗漏水，需要耗费大量能源和经费，而且大量的排水还可能引起地面和地面建筑物不均匀沉降和破坏等。另外，据有关资料记载，美国有20％左右的地下室存在氡污染，而氡是通过地下水渗漏渗入到工程内部聚积在内表面的。我国地下工程内部氡污染的情况如何，尚未见到相关报道，但如地下工程存在渗漏水则会使氡污染的可能性增加。为适应我国地下工程建设的需要，使新建、续建、改建的地下工程能合理正常地使用，充分发挥其经济效益、社会效益、战备效益，因此对地下工程的防水设计、施工内容做出相应规定是极为必要的。在防水设计和施工中，要贯彻质量第一的思想，把确保质量放在首位。1.0.2本规范适用于工业与民用建筑地下工程、防护工程、市政隧道、山岭及水底隧道、地下铁道、公路隧道等地下工程防水的设计和施工。1.0.2本规范适用于普遍性的、带有共性要求的新建、改建和续建的地下工程防水，包括：1工业与民用建筑地下工程，如医院、旅馆、商场、影剧院、洞库、电站、生产车间等：2市政地下工程，如城市共用沟、城市公路隧道、人行过街道、水工涵管等；3地下铁道，如城市地铁区间隧道、地下铁道车站等；4防护工程，为战时防护要求而修建的国防和人防工程，如指挥工程、人员掩蔽工程、疏散通道等；5铁路、公路隧道、山岭及水底隧道等。1.0.3地下工程防水的设计和施工应遵循“防、排、截、堵相结合，刚柔相济，因地制宜，综合治理”的原则。1.0.3防水原则既要考虑如何适应地下工程种类的多样性问题，也要考虑如何适应地下工程所处地域的复杂性的问题，同时还要使每个工程的防水设计者在符合总的原则的基础上可根据各自工程的特点有适当选择的自由。原规范提出的防水原则基本符合上述要求，从修编过程中征求的意见来看，使用单位对这一原则也是基本满意