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CultureandTranslation——ForeignizationandDomesticationCulturalconflictAgroupofChineseguestsvisitinganAmericanfamily--Youhaveaverynicehome.It’ssobeautiful.--Thankyou.(Thehostesssmiledwithobviouspleasure;AgroupofChineseguests,surprised;)Atthedinnertable,hostesstointerpreter:--YourEnglishisexcellent.Reallyquitefluent.--No,no.MyEnglishisquitepoor.(Hostess,atthedinnertable,notexpectedfortheanswerandabitpuzzledattheansweroftheyoungChineseinterpreter)Thecomplimentissincere,andtheacceptanceofitisnaturalinAmericanculturewhileitwouldimplyconceitorlackofmannersinChineseculture.CulturalconflictLiHongzhang’sEmbarrassmentLiHongzhang,oneofthetopofficialsintheQingDynasty,wasinvitedtovisittheU.S.Hewaswarmlywelcomed.Oneday,LiwashostingabanquetfortheAmericanofficialsinapopularrestaurant.Asthebanquetstarted,accordingtotheChinesecustom,Listoodupandsaid,“今天承蒙各位光临,不胜荣幸。我们略备粗馔,聊表寸心,没有什么可口的东西,不成敬意,请大家多多包涵……”(今天承蒙各位光临,不胜荣幸。我们略备粗馔,聊表寸心,没有什么可口的东西,不成敬意,请大家多多包涵……)Iamveryhappytohaveallofyouheretoday.Thoughthesedishesarecoarseandnotdeliciousandgoodenoughtoshowmyrespectforyou,Ihopeyouwillenjoythem…”Thenextday,theEnglishversionofhiswordswasshowninthelocalnewspaper.Tohisshock,therestaurantownerflewintoarage.HethoughtitwasaninsultandinsistedthatLishouldshowhimtheevidenceofwhichdishwasnotwell-madeandwhichdishwasnotdelicious.Otherwise,Liintentionallydamagedthereputationoftherestaurant,andheshouldapologize.AllthefussmadeLiratherembarrassed.CommentWhatLisaidisjustsomeformulaicpoliteexpressioncommonintype.AlmostallChinesepeopleknowthisandcouldhearthatnearlyeverywhere.Literally,Li’swordsareinappropriate,buttheydoconveythemeaningofrespect.Herethelanguageformisdifferentfromitscontent,aphenomenonwhichcanonlybefoundineasternculture.Americaisacountrywithhighlyvaluedindividualism.Theyexpressthemselvesratherdirectly.Theytendtohearwordsliterally,thereforetheycannotunderstandeasterner’sover-modesty.Thereactionoftherestaurantisnothingunusual.Limaychangehiswordslikethis:“Thecuisineofyourcountryisreallygreat.Itismygreathonortohaveachancetoentertainyouwiththem…”(贵国的菜肴真是好极了,今天能有机会借花献佛,不胜荣幸之至……)2.DifferentattitudetowardaflyinabeerEnglishman“MayIhaveanotherone,please?”Frenchmanwouldpourthebeerout.Spanishmanwouldputthemoneyonthetableandleavewithoutaword.Japanesewouldsummonthemanagerandcriticize,“Doyoudoallyourbusinesslikethis?”Arabwouldgivethebeertothewaiterandsay,“I’llbuyyouadrink”.Americanwouldsaytothewaiter,“pleaseservetheflyandbeerseparately.Ifthecustomerlikesthefly,hecouldputitintohisbeerhimself.”CommentDifferentculturalbackground;People’sindividualpersonality;Theorientationoftheirnation’smainstreamculture.English:seriousnessFrench:arroganceSpanish:generosityJapanese:criticalapproachArab:sarcasmAmerican:humor1.Culturalelementsintranslation2.Strategiesintranslation(foreignizationanddomestication)3.Translationmethods(undertheguidanceoftranslationstrategy)inspecifictypes(idiomsandbrandnames)Coloursblackcoffeewhitecoffeeblacklistwhitelist黑咖啡白咖啡?黑名单白名单?1.Culturalelementsintranslationblackelist:alistofpersonsororganizationsthathaveincurreddisapprovalorsuspicionoraretobeboycottedorotherwisepenalized.黑名单:引起不满或怀疑,意在被消灭或惩罚的个人或组织的名单whitelist:alistofpeopleororganizationsconsideredworthyofapprovaloracceptance.白名单:被认为值得赞同、批准或接收的人或组织机构的名单Ifaspamfilterkeepsawhitelist,mailfromthelistede-mailaddresses,domains,and/orIPaddresswillalwaysbeallowed.Colours红茶红糖她眼圈红了。青一块紫一块blackteablackandblueHereyesbecamemoist.brownsugarbluejokesgreen-eyed蓝色笑话?黄色笑话眼绿?眼红Animal落汤鸡adrowned____蠢得像猪asstupidasa______拦路虎a____intheway吹牛talk______牛饮drinklikea_____害群之马ablack______ratgooselionhorsefishsheepHewassofondoftalkingthathiscolleaguesnicknamedhimmagpie.他太唠叨了,同事们给他起了个“麻雀”的外号。Theswimmingpoolwaspackedlikesardines.游泳池挤得简直像下饺子似的。Fruit&VegetableHe’sgotaverybigmouth,abananaandapairofblackeyes.Youcangetthiswonderfulcoatfor497potatoes.他嘴巴大大的,长着一个鹰钩鼻,一双乌黑发亮的眼睛。花497美元,你就可以得到这件漂亮的大衣。DailythingsA:Whyistheriverrich?B:Becauseithastwobanks.甲:为什么说河流是富裕的呢?乙:因为它有两个银行啊!甲:为什么说河流是富裕的呢?乙:因为它年年有鱼(余)啊!乙:因为它总向前(钱)流啊!Whatdoesthatlawyerdoafterhedies?Liestill.那个律师死后能干什么?静静地躺着(仍然撒谎)。--躺着说鬼话。DailyLifeDaughter:Mom,Ineedtogo!Mom:Mrs.Doubtfire,couldyou…Daughter:No.Mom,you!女儿:妈妈我想______。妈妈:道特范尔太太,你能不能……女儿:不。妈妈,我要你陪我去。上厕所去那儿WestandEastwindIt’sawarmwind,thewestwind,fullofbird,crying.(JohnMansefield)Andwestwindswithmuskywing(JohnMilton)bitingeastwind(SamuelButler)HowmanywinterdayshaveIseenhim,standingblue-nosedinthesnowandeastwind!(CharlesDickens)WestandEastwindWhenthesweetshowersofAprilfallandshoot.DownthroughthedroughtofMarchtopiercetheroot.Bathingeveryvieninliquidpower.Fromwhichtherespringtheengenderingoftheflower.WhenalsoZephyrus(西风)withhissweetbreathUponthetendershoot…(TheCanterburyTales)2.StrategiesintranslationCulturalgapsbetweenthesourcelanguage(SL)andthetargetlanguage(TL)havealwaysturnedouttobeahardnutfortranslatorstocrack.Foreignization&DomesticationForeignization(异化):SLculture-oriented(译文应尽量去适应、照顾源语文化及原作者的遣词用字习惯。)Domestication(归化):TLculture-oriented(译文应尽量去适应、照顾目的语的文化习惯,为读者着想,替读者扫除语言文化障碍。)韦努蒂在其《译者的隐形》(TheTranslator’sInvisibility)中
本文标题:第17讲-Culture-and-Translation-I
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