中考英语复习专题1：名词

1中考四轮复习第一轮专题一：名词一、名词1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2．名词所有格的构成及用法；3．近义名词的辨析。【考点讲解】一、名词的数1．单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors。以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。（3）以ce,se,ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys,day→days。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves,half→halves。（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man,woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers，womenteachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people,police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes’walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。2（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics,mathematics/maths专有名词：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名词：news,falls2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少，例如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney．Thereissomemilkinthebottle．Isthereanywaterintheglass？Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice．（2）用apieceof这类定语，例如：apieceofpaper,apieceofwood,apieceofbreadabottleoforange,aglassofwater（milk）,acupofteaacupoftea,abagofrice,threebagsofrice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：twocupsoftea,fourpiecesofpaper,threeglassesofwater可数名词也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格1.名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s'，例如：astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：Children'sDay。3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：atwentyminutes'walk，tenmiles'journey，aboat'slength，twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：amapofChina，theendofthisterm，thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。5.双重所有格，例如：afriendofmyfather's。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John'sandMary'srooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom'sandMary'sbikes（两人3各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：JohnandMary'sroom（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；TomandMary'smother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）These_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor2.(2004年河北省中考试题)Thisis_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne’sandJane’sC.Anne’sandJaneD.AnneandJane’s3.(2004年吉林省中考试题)---Arethereany________onthefarm?---Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep4.(2004年佛山市中考试题)---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,________ororange?---Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea【中考演练1】一.单项填空41.WewenttoDr.Brown’syesterday.Hegaveus_____.A.someadviceB.advicesC.anadviceD.someadvices2.What_____they’vegot!Nowondertheyareveryhappy.A.agoodnewsB.quiteagoodnewsC.goodnewsD.littlenews3.Much______tofightagainstpollution.A.havebeendoneB.hasbeendoneC.hadbeendoneD.hasdone4.What______!Let’sgoswimming.A.afineweatherB.finedayC.afinedayD.badweather5.Youhavemade_______.Youshouldbemorecareful.A.alotofmistakeB.agreatdealofmistakesC.alargenumberofmistakesD.fewmistakes6.Beforewemovedintothenewhouse,weboughtmany________.A.furnituresB.futureC.piecesoffutureD.piecesoffurnitures7.Thebookshelfoverthereis__________.A.Mary’sandJane’sB.Mary’sandJaneC.MaryandJane’sD.Mary‘sfurnitures8.Wesawtheguestoffat_______yesterday.A.theShanghai’sRailwayStationB.theShanghaiRailwayStationC.ShanghaiRailwayStationD.TherailwayStationofShanghai9.Theyhadagoodtimeatthe______Palace.A.childrenB.Children’sC.ChildrenD.Childrens’10.XiaoLiwas_____inmyboyhood.A.myclosefriendB.mineaclosefriendC.aclosefriendofmineD.aclosefriendofme11.Theseare______famousotherpressesTheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe_____office.A.editor-in-chiefs;editor’s-inchiefB.editors-in-chief;editors-in-chief’sC.editor-in-chief’s;editor’s-in-chiefD.editor-in-chief’s;editors-in-chief’s12.Therearefive_______inourclass.A.Zhang’sB.Zhangs’C.ZhangsD.TheZhangs13.Howfarisyourschool?A.Twenty-fiveminuteswalk.B.Thewalkoftwenty-fiveminutes5C.Twenty-fiveminuteswalksD.Twenty-fiveminutes’walk.14.Whichdoyoulikebetter,_______or_______?A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows15.We’regoingtohavea______nextmonth.A.twoday’holidayB.twodayholidayC.twodaysholidayD.twodays’holiday16.Who’sacousin?A.Uncleoraunt’sson.B.Uncleoraunt’sdaughterC.Uncle’soraunt’schild.D.Uncleoraunt’sbrotherorsister.17.Shealwayswearsbeautiful_______.A.clothesB.clothC.dressD.clothings18.Willyouhavealittle______?A.morefishesB.morefishC.muchfishesD.fishes19.There_____inmyclass.Whichofthemdoyouwanttosee?A.isJohnB.arethreeJohnsC.aretheJohn’sD.istheJohn20.Twentydollars_____whatheneeds.A.wasB.wereC.isD.hasbeen21.TheUnitedNations______aresolution.A.haspastB.haspassedC.havepassedD.hasthrough22.TheArabianNights______averyinterestingstorybook.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.hadbeen23.TheNewYork