高级英语Hiroshima-—-the-“Liveliest”-City-in

Hiroshima—the“Liveliest”CityinJapanAdvancedEnglishIJacquesDanvoirLesson2picasaweb.google.comPreviewOnAugust6,1945,at8:15earlyinthemorning,JapanesecityHiroshimawasrazedanddestroyedbyanexplosionofA-bombdroppedbyabomberB-29ofAmericanAirForce.Morethantwentyyearspast.AnAmericanjournalistwenttothecitytoseewhatphysicalandpsychologicaltraumasremainedforthesurvivorsofthecalamity.Hefeltguiltywhenhesteppedonthelandofthecity.Whathesaw,however,wasquitebeyondhisexpectation.Apartfromtheskyscrapers,kimonoandminiskirts,thethongs,thepassionatetaxi-drivers,thepolitereceptionists,hesawnothingsadastheconsequenceoftheA-bombing.Thecitywaslively,prosperous.Whenthemayoravoidedthesubtletopicofbombingintheinterview,whenthesmalloldmanfranklytoldhimtheisolationanddisgraceoftheaffectedsurvivorsandwhenhesawthepatientwassodetachedtowardshisincurabledisease,hefoundtheanswerforhispuzzle.Thelivelinesswasonlyaveilofthecity,underwhichagloomyshadowofthebombingstillhauntedthis“liveliest”city.Style(1-2)Genre:Featurestory(orFeatures特写或专题节目).Featurestoryisanarticleinanewspaper,amagazine,oranewswebsitethatistotakeanin-depthlookatasubject.Featuresareoftensignificantlylongerthannewsarticles,aremorelikelytobewrittenfromapersonalperspective.Featuresoftendelvedeeperintotheirsubjects,expandingonthedetailsratherthantryingtoconcentrateonafewimportantkeypointslikethenewsarticles.Structure:1.Thebeginning(lead):startswithanintriguingmomentinthefirsttwoorthreeparagraphs,ananecdotallede（轶事开场白）.2.Thebody(nutparagraphs):providessignificanceofthestory.3.Theend(conclusion):stopsatasuddenclimax.Mode:Objective,descriptive,comparative,humorous,informal.Style(2-2)LiteraryTechnique:1.Tellingwho,what,where,when,whyandhow.2.Providingvitalinformation,whichiscloselytothetheme.3.Usingathread,thatis,theauthor(“I”)observes,interviews,andthenfindstheresulttoconnectthelead(beginning),thebody,theconclusion.4.Figureofspeech:rhetoricalquestion,simile,metaphor.HiroshimaThecityofHiroshimaislocatedonthebroad,flatdeltaoftheOtaRiver,whichhas7channeloutletsdividingthecityintosixislandswhichprojectintoHiroshimaBay.Thecityisalmostentirelyflatandonlyslightlyabovesealevel;tothenorthwestandnortheastofthecitysomehillsriseto700feet.Hiroshimabeganasasettlementaroundacastlebuiltin1593bythefeudallordTerumotoMori.ThecastletookthenameHiroshima.(BroadIsland),whichlaterbecamethenameofthecity.BythebeginningofWorldWarII,Hiroshimawasthe7thlargestcityinJapan.home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp(1-6)AtthetimeofA-bombing,Hiroshimawasacityofconsiderablemilitarysignificance.ItcontainedtheheadquartersoftheFifthDivisionandFieldMarshalHata's2ndGeneralArmyHeadquarters,whichcommandedthedefenseofallofsouthernJapan.ThepopulationofHiroshimahadreachedapeakofover380,000earlierinthewarbutpriortotheatomicbombingthepopulationhadsteadilydecreasedbecauseofasystematicevacuationorderedbytheJapanesegovernment.Atthetimeoftheattackthepopulationwasapproximately255,000.HiroshimawastheprimarytargetofthefirstU.S.nuclearattackmission,onAugust6,1945.Theweatherwasgood,andthecrewandequipmentfunctionedproperly.Ineverydetail,theattackwascarriedoutexactlyasplanned,andthebomb,nick-named“littleboy”,witha60kgcoreofuranium-235,performedpreciselyasexpected.At08:15,theB-29EnolaGay,pilotedandcommandedbyColonelPaulTibbets,droppedthenuclearbomb“Littleboy”overthecentralpartofthecity.Itexplodedabout600metersabovethecitywithablastequivalentto13kilotonsofTNT,killinganestimated80,000civiliansoutright.Atthetimethisphotowasmade,smokebillowed20,000feetaboveHiroshimawhilesmokefromtheburstofthefirstatomicbombhadspreadover10,000feetonthetargetatthebaseoftherisingcolumn.TheJuly24,1995issueofNewsweekwrites:Abrightlightfilledtheplane,wroteCol.PaulTibbets,WeturnedbacktolookatHiroshima.Thecitywashiddenbythatawfulcloud...boilingup,mushrooming.MyGod,theco-pilot,RobertLewisaskedhimself,whathavewedone?CaptainRobertLewis,recalled,Wherewehadseenaclearcitytwominutesbefore,wecouldnolongerseethecity.Wecouldseesmokeandfirescreepingupthesidesofthemountains.A-bombingtoHiroshima(2-6)Two-thirdsofHiroshimawasdestroyed.Withinthreemilesoftheexplosion,60,000ofthe90,000buildingsweredemolished.Clayrooftileshadmeltedtogether.Shadowshadimprintedonbuildingsandotherhardsurfaces.Metalandstonehadmelted.”Theexplosionrippedoutwindowordoorsashesandallsuspendedwood,metal,plasterceilings,andcausedgreatdamagetoequipmentbytumblingandbattering.Firesruinedallequipmentnotalreadydestroyedbytheblast.AlmosteverythinguptoaboutonemilefromX(explosionpoint)wascompletelydestroyed.Theconflagrationcreatedafirestorm.Itattainedavelocityof30-40milesperhourthataddedtothedamageoftheconflagrationandcausedthedeathsofmanypersonswhomightotherwisehaveescaped.Asurvivorhadsuchadescriptionoftheburnedpeople:Theyallhadskinblackenedbyburns.Theyhadnohair,andataglanceyoucouldn'ttellwhetheryouwerelookingatthemfrominfrontorinback.Theirskin—notonlyontheirhands,butontheirfacesandbodiestoo—hungdown,likewalkingghosts.Manyofthemdiedalongtheroad.About60,000peopledie