您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 人事档案/员工关系 > Alexander-the-Great
AlexandertheGreata.Earlylifeb.Physicalappearancec.Ward.Deathe.DivisionoftheempireDuringhisyouth,Alexanderwastutored(v.当家庭教师)byAristotle(亚里士多德)untilage16.AristotletaughtAlexanderandhiscompanionsaboutmedicine,philosophy,morals,religion,logic(n.逻辑学)andart.EducationWhenAlexanderwastenyearsold,atraderbroughtPhilipahorse.Thehorserefusedtobemounted(v.骑上).Alexanderhowever,detectingthehorse‘sfearofitsownshadow,askedtotame(v.驯服)thehorse,whichheeventuallymanaged.Philipkissedhissontearfully(adv.流泪地),declaring:Myboy,youmustfindakingdombigenoughforyourambitions.Macedonistoosmallforyou,andboughtthehorseforhim.亚历山大十岁时,一个商人给菲利普买了一匹马。马拒绝被骑。然而,亚历山大发现马害怕自己的影子,想要驯服这匹马,最后成功了。菲利普亲吻他的儿子说:“我的孩子,你将来要找到一个王国满足你足够大的野心。马其顿对你来说太小了”,给他买下了这匹马。PhsicalappearanceStrong,handsomecommander(n.指挥官)withoneeyedarkasthenightandoneblueasthesky.Physically,Alexanderwasnotprepossessing(adj.有魅力的).EvenbyMacedonian(n.马其顿人)standardshewasveryshort,thoughstocky(adj.矮壮的)andtough(adj.强壮的).Hisbeardwasscanty,Hisneckwasinsomewaytwisted.AncientauthorsrecordedthatAlexanderwassopleasedwithportraits(n.肖像)ofhimselfcreatedbyLysipposthatheforbadeothersculptors(n.雕刻家)fromcrafting(v.制作)hisimage(n.肖像)他长得又壮又帅,一只眼睛黑得像黑夜,一只眼睛蓝得像天空。在身体上,亚历山大并不讨人喜欢。即使以马其顿的标准来看,他也很矮,健壮结实。他的胡子稀疏,脖子有点扭。据记载,亚历山大对利西波斯创作的自己的肖像非常满意,甚至禁止其他雕塑家制作他的肖像。ColinFarrellAngelinaJolieAlexanderIIIofMacedon,commonlyknownasAlexandertheGreatoftheancientGreekkingdomofMacedon.HewasborninPellain356BCandsucceeded(v.继承)hisfatherPhilipIItothethrone(n.王座)attheageoftwenty.hecreatedoneofthelargestempiresoftheancientworldbytheageofthirty,stretching(v.拉伸)fromGreecetonorthwesternIndia.Hewasundefeatedinbattleandiswidelyconsideredoneofhistory'smostsuccessfulmilitarycommanders马其顿的亚历山大三世,古希腊马其顿王国的亚历山大大帝。他于公元前356年出生在佩拉,他20岁继承了他父亲菲利普二世的王位。他在30岁时建立了那时世界最大的帝国,从希腊到印度西北部。他在战斗中不败,被认为是历史上最成功的军事指挥官之一。NameofAlexandertheGreatinEgyptianhieroglyphs(writtenfromrighttoleft),c. 332BC,Egypt.LouvreMuseumIn334BCheconquered(v.征服)AsiaMinor(n.小亚细亚),defeatedthePersianfleet,marchedasfarasIndia,andasfarsouthasEgypt.率领希腊联军进攻波斯,关尼卡卡一役大败波斯并直入小亚细亚攻占两河流域,波斯帝国崩溃,波斯王大流士被杀,又进军埃及又越过印度河进入恒河流域,因军士思乡被迫退回。TheBattleofGaugamela(高加米拉之战)wasthedecisivebattleofAlexandertheGreat‘sinvasion(n.入侵)ofthePersianAchaemenidEmpire.Thoughheavilyoutnumbered(v.数量上超过),Alexanderemerged(vt.出现)victoriousduetohisarmy’ssuperiortactics(n.策略;战术)andhisdeftemploymentoflightinfantry(n.步兵).ItwasadecisivevictoryfortheHellenicLeagueandledtothefalloftheAchaemenidEmpire.高加米拉战役是亚历山大大帝入侵波斯阿契曼尼德帝国的决定性战役。尽管亚历山大人数少,但优秀战术和轻步兵的熟练运用使得亚历山大取得了胜利。这是希腊联盟的决定性胜利,阿契美尼德帝国垮台。Oneither10or11June323BC,AlexanderdiedinBabylon,atage32.TherearetwodifferentversionsofAlexander‘sdeath,AssassinationPoisonedtheory.(Natural-causetheoriesalsotendtoemphasizethatAlexander'shealthmayhavebeeningeneraldeclineafteryearsofheavydrinkingandseverewounds.)Alexander'sbodywaslaidinagoldanthropoid(adj.似人的)sarcophagus(n.石棺)thatwasfilledwithhoney,whichwasinturnplacedinagoldcasket(n.棺材).AccordingtoAelian,aseer(n.预言家)calledAristanderforetoldthatthelandwhereAlexanderwaslaidtorestwouldbehappyandunvanquishable(adj.不能克服的)forever.公元前323年6月10日或11日,亚历山大在巴比伦去世,享年32岁。亚力山大之死有两种不同的说法,暗杀和毒害论(后来的自然原因理论倾向于强调亚历山大的健康可能在多年的酗酒和严重创伤后普遍下降)亚历山大的尸体被安放在一个装满蜂蜜的黄金人形石棺里,然后又被安放在一个金制的棺材里。一位先知预言,安葬亚历山大的土地“将永远幸福而不可征服”。DetailofAlexanderontheAlexanderSarcophagusAlexander'sdeathwassosuddenthatwhenreportsofhisdeathreachedGreece,theywerenotimmediatelybelieved.TheSuccessorsensuedbeforetheHellenisticworldsettledintofourstablepowerblocs:PtolemaicEgypt,SeleucidMesopotamiaandCentralAsia,AttalidAnatolia,andAntigonidMacedon.亚力山大的死是如此突然,当他的死亡报告到达希腊时,他们并没有立即相信。“后继者”在希腊化世界发展成四个稳定的权力集团之前接踵而至:托勒密埃及、塞琉西德美索不达米亚和中亚、阿塔利德·安纳托利亚和安提戈尼德·马其顿AlexandertheGreatAlexander‘slegacy(n.遗产)includestheculturaldiffusion(文化传播)andsyncretism(n.汇合,类并)whichhisconquestsengendered(v.产生).Hefoundedsometwentycitiesthatborehisname,mostnotably(adv.显著地)AlexandriainEgypt.Alexander’sresultedinanewHellenisticcivilization(希腊文化的).Hebecamethemeasureagainstwhichmilitaryleaderscomparedthemselves,andmilitaryacademiesthroughouttheworldstillteachhistactics(n.战术)Heisoftenrankedamongthemostinfluentialpeopleinhistory.亚历山大的遗产包括他的征服所产生的文化传播和融合现象。他建立了大约20个城市都以他的名字命名,最著名的是埃及的亚历山大。亚历山大创造了一个新的希腊文明。他成为军事领导人比较自己的标准,世界各地的军事学院仍然教导他的战术,他经常被列为历史上最有影响力的人之一。
本文标题:Alexander-the-Great
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-7099750 .html