土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1FiniteElementMethod有限单元法2专业英语SpecialtyEnglish3水利工程HydraulicEngineering4土木工程CivilEngineering5地下工程UndergroundEngineering6岩土工程GeotechnicalEngineering7道路工程Road(Highway)Engineering8桥梁工程BridgeEngineering9隧道工程TunnelEngineering10工程力学EngineeringMechanics11交通工程TrafficEngineering12港口工程PortEngineering13安全性safety17木结构timberstructure18砌体结构masonrystructure19混凝土结构concretestructure20钢结构steelstructure21钢-混凝土复合结构steelandconcretecompositestructure22素混凝土plainconcrete23钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete24钢筋rebar25预应力混凝土pre-stressedconcrete26静定结构staticallydeterminatestructure27超静定结构staticallyindeterminatestructure28桁架结构trussstructure29空间网架结构spatialgridstructure30近海工程offshoreengineering31静力学statics32运动学kinematics33动力学dynamics34简支梁simplysupportedbeam35固定支座fixedbearing36弹性力学elasticity37塑性力学plasticity38弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39断裂力学fractureMechanics40土力学soilmechanics41水力学hydraulics42流体力学fluidmechanics43固体力学solidmechanics44集中力concentratedforce45压力pressure46静水压力hydrostaticpressure47均布压力uniformpressure48体力bodyforce49重力gravity50线荷载lineload51弯矩bendingmoment52扭矩torque53应力stress54应变stain55正应力normalstress56剪应力shearingstress57主应力principalstress58变形deformation59内力internalforce60偏移量挠度deflection61沉降settlement62屈曲失稳buckle63轴力axialforce64允许应力allowablestress65疲劳分析fatigueanalysis66梁beam67壳shell68板plate69桥bridge70桩pile71主动土压力activeearthpressure72被动土压力passiveearthpressure73承载力load-bearingcapacity74水位waterHeight75位移displacement76结构力学structuralmechanics77材料力学materialmechanics78经纬仪altometer79水准仪level80学科discipline81子学科sub-discipline82期刊journalperiodical83文献literature84国际标准刊号ISSNInternationalStandardSerialNumber85国际标准书号ISBNInternationalStandardBookNumber86卷volume87期number88专著monograph89会议论文集Proceeding90学位论文thesisdissertation91专利patent92档案档案室archive93国际学术会议conference94导师advisor95学位论文答辩defenseofthesis96博士研究生doctoratestudent97研究生postgraduate98工程索引EIEngineeringIndex99科学引文索引SCIScienceCitationIndex100科学技术会议论文集索引ISTPIndextoScienceandTechnologyProceedings101题目title102摘要abstract103全文full-text104参考文献reference105联络单位、所属单位affiliation106主题词Subject107关键字keyword108美国土木工程师协会ASCEAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers109联邦公路总署FHWAFederalHighwayAdministration110国际标准组织ISOInternationalStandardOrganization111解析方法analyticalmethod112数值方法numericalmethod113计算computation114说明书instruction115规范SpecificationCode第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnicalengineering岩土工程2.foundationengineering基础工程3.soilearth土4.soilmechanics土力学5.cyclicloading周期荷载6.unloading卸载7.reloading再加载8.viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基9.viscousdamping粘滞阻尼10.shearmodulus剪切模量11.soildynamics土动力学12.stresspath应力路径13.numericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residualsoil残积土groundwaterlevel地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位3.clayminerals粘土矿物4.secondaryminerals次生矿物5.landslides滑坡6.boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand砾砂12.coarsesand粗砂13.mediumsand中砂14.finesand细砂15.siltysand粉土16.clayeysoil粘性土17.clay粘土18.siltyclay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandysilt砂质粉土21.clayeysilt粘质粉土22.saturatedsoil饱和土23.unsaturatedsoil非饱和土24.fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固结土26.normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土27.underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土28.zonalsoil区域性土29.softclay软粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozensoil冻土24.degreeofsaturation饱和度25.dryunitweight干重度26.moistunitweight湿重度45.ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’slaw达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowingsoil流土4.sandboiling砂沸5.flownet流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepagepressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepageforce渗透力11.hydraulicgradient水力梯度12.coefficientofpermeability渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.softsoil软土2.(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effectivestress有效应力4.totalstress总应力5.fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度6.lowactivity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxialtest三轴试验9.foundationdesign基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearingcapacity承载力12.soilmass土体13.contactstress(pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentratedload集中荷载15.asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.stripfooting条基19.squarespreadfooting方形独立基础20.underlyingsoil(stratumstrata)下卧层（土）21.deadload=sustainedload恒载持续荷载22.liveload活载23.short–termtransientload短期瞬时荷载24.long-termtransientload长期荷载25.reducedload折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clayfraction粘粒粒组31.physicalproperties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-gradedsoil级配良好土34.poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土35.normalstresses正应力36.shearstresses剪应力37.principalplane主平面38.major(intermediateminor)principalstress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41.limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法42.porewaterpressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力44.modulusofcompressibility压缩模量45.coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数46.compressionindex压缩指数47.swellingindex回弹指数48.geostaticstress自重应力49.additionalstress附加应力50.totalstress总应力51.finalsettlement最终沉降52.slipline滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1excavation开挖（挖方）2dewatering（基坑）降水3failureoffoundation基坑失稳4bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护5bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起6retainingwall挡土墙7pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井点系