高分句表达法(正式文体)

1/7写作高分句子及文体（注：英语考试中的写作，都属于正式文体）1:写作时，尽量不要用缩写形式。如don’t,mustn’t,he’s,I’ve,etc.,shouldbeavoidedinformalEwriting，应写成：donot,mustnot,heis/hehas,Ihave等。2.人称代词的使用（one,we,youthey四个代词中，最正式的人称代词是one，其次是we,口语中多用you）例：Onemustbelieveinsomething.人一定要有信仰。（最正式）也可以说：Wemustbelieveinsomething.3.Participlephrasesaregenerallyused(分词词组属于高分句)4.Nominativeabsoluteconstructions(独立主格结构)aregenerallyusedinformalstyle:5.Adjectiveandadverbialphrasesplacedbeforethesubjectoftenmakethesentenceformal:Eagertofinishthework,hecontinuedtodoituntilmidnight.（形容词以及副词词组用于句首，属于高分句句型）6.Parentheticalremarksoftenmakeasentenceformal:使用[,pærən‘θɛtɪkl]插入语Heshavedveryslowlyandcarefully,aswashiscustom,infrontthemirrorabovethesink.7.Avoidinformalwordsandphrasalverbs(colloquial)8.Aseriesofnouns,verbs,oradjectivesmaymakeasentencesoundformal:Hisangerpreventedhimfromdoing,saying,andlisteningtoanything.Informal/commonformal/big/learnedwords（注：也就是高分词）queer,strangeeccentriclearnederuditesame/similaridenticalclearexplicitraiseelevateluckyfortunateleavedeparttryendeavorroomaccommodationlivedwell•aboutapproximately•askinquire•begincommence•buypurchase•carrybear(承载)•changetransform•endconclude(结束),terminate•get(获得)obtain•havepossess•sayemark•use------------------employ;adopt;utilize•carefulcautious•enough--------------sufficient2/7•giveoffer•deepprofound•clever(smart)------intelligent;•hard-working-----diligent;•rich----------wealthy•Poor------------------impoverished•so--------therefore,consequently,accordingly•very-----------------extremelyPhrasalverbsarecolloquialandoftenusedinconversationalstyle（注：口语词汇多用在口语中，也就是说这些动词词组多用在口语中，在写作中，多用他们的对应的高分词）•carryoncontinue•comeinenter•comeacrossmeet/encounter•giveinsurrender•gooncontinue•goalongwith(陪伴)accompany•lookintoinvestigate•putupwithbear,endure,stand,tolerate•getawayleave,escape•takeinabsorb•intheendeventually•sendfor(派人请)summon•takeinabsorb•pushin(插入)insert;add•pushdowndepress(挤压)•setuperect•puttogetheraggregate•putout;goout（熄灭）extinguish•take…intopieces(拆除)dismantle•setfireto(点火)ignite•turnupsidedown(使颠倒)invert•keepup(维持)maintain•takeaway(移开)remove•driveforward(推进)propel•lookatover检查examine•bringinintroduce•fillup(占住)-------------occupy•findoutdiscover•carryout----------------implement/perform•useupexhaust;consume•wearawayerode•make…weakweaken•putoffpostpone/delay3/7•atonce-----------------------immediately/instantly•Doawaywith;getridof;putanendto-----abolish•Getintouchwith-------Contact•makeupfor-----------------compensate(loss…)•Ifyoudon't…Failing/Failureto…I’msorrybut…（口语句式）Weregrettoinformyouthat…（后面的属于高分句）I’mhappytosaythat…Wehavepleasureinannouncingthat…（后面的属于高分句）Ifyouloseit,thenpleasecontactusassoonaspossible.（口语句）☞Anylossofthisdocumentshouldbereportedimmediately…（高分句）8.ModalUsage•Ifyouneedanyhelpgiveusacall.☞Shouldyourequireanyassistance,pleasefeelfreetocontactus…（虚拟的倒装，高分句）2.whenexpressinganopinionorbelief,trytouseimpersonalstructures.(不带个人色彩的结构)•Eg:itcanbeseenthat…..insteadofyoucansee;itiscommonlybelievedthat…Ibelieve,•itissaid…insteadofIhear….•Otherexamplesofimpersonalconstructionsinclude:itisarguedthat…•itisfoundthroughresearchthat…•researchhasfoundthat…•studieshaverevealedthat…•itisestimatedthat…•Thisiswherethedisagreementsandcontroversiesbegin...•Thedataindicatesthat...•Thisisnotaviewsharedbyeveryone;Jones,forexample,claimsthat...•Itisworthwhileatthisstagetoconsiderthat…•Ofcourse,moreconcreteevidenceisneededbefore...•Severalpossibilitiesemerge...•Acommonsolutionisthat…3.Nominalization（名词化）•1）Ourmonitordidn’tcometoday.Hehasgotaflu.（口语化句子）•→Theflucausedtheabsenceofourmonitortoday.（正式化句子）•Theabsenceofourmonitorisbecauseofhisillness.（正式化句子）•2）lackof(ifthereisno…),ignoranceof(don’tknow…),illiteracyin(can’tread…/can’tuse…),failure(didn’tdo…)（括号内的属于口语化表达法）•例：要是没有足够的资金，这个工程就会瘫痪Ifthereisnoenoughmoney,theprojectwillbeparalyzed.(口语版)☞Lackofsufficientmoneywillparalyzetheproject.（写作版）Alloverthecountrypeoplenolongerbelievethatmarriageisnecessary.口语版)→Beliefinthenecessityofmarriagehasdeclinedforallagegroupsandineveryregionofthecountry.（写作版）正式表达法句型或句子4/74.Usemodalitytoshowcautionaboutyourviews,ortoallowroomforotherstodisagree,forexample,insteadofwriting（说话不要太绝对）•Ithinksecond-handsmokecausescancer（太绝对，不好）Second-handsmokemaycausecancer,（稍好）Thereisevidencetosupportthepossibilitythatsecond-handsmokeincreasestheriskofcancer.（最好的表达，建议背下来）3)Ican’tagreewiththisidea.（口语版）→Itwouldbedifficulttoagreewiththisidea.→Thisidearequiresfurtherdiscussionandresearchbeforeagreementmaybereached.（背）Weallbelievethatapersonwhowantstolearnwillhaveacertainamountofsuccesswiththelearningexperience.(口语版)Revised:Itiswidelybelievedthatamotivatedlearnerwillhaveacertaindegreeofsuccesswiththelearningexperience.Revised:Manyresearchersaccepttheideathatmotivationleadstosuccessinlearning.练习题Task:ThesentencesbelowaregrammaticallyaccuratebutthestyleIsinappropriate.Re-writethesesentencesinamoreacademicstylemakinganychangesyouneedto.1.Theplannersreviewedthereportandsaidthatitwasok/great.2.It'sobviousthattheworkenvironmentisgoingtogetalotworse.3.TheChineseeconomywould