Unit-2-Classification

Unit2Classification（归类）LearningContent&Aim1.LearningContent:Thisunitisaproject-basedstudyonenergyandpollution.2.LearningAim:Thisunitisaimedatourlearningtoevaluate,synthesizeandorganizetheinformationinthepatternofclassification.Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassificationNewWords:(P36)1)renewableenergysource=可再生能源2)solarenergy=太阳能3)geothermalenergy=地热能4)hydroelectricity=水力电气5)biofuel=生物燃料Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassification1.ApproachingClassification(探讨归类)Therearegenerallytwowaysofsortingthingsout:1)Division(分割)Divisionisawayofsortingthingsout,whosepurposeistoseparatethethingsintodifferentpartsandwhichstressesthedistinctionbetweenthings.e.g.Literaturefallsintodifferentgenressuchaspoetry,drama,prose,fictionandsoon.2)Classification(归类)Classificationisanotherwayofsortingthingsout,whosepurposeistoclassifythesimilarthingsintoonecategoryandwhichstressesthesimilaritiesbetweenthings.e.g.Cats,dogsandbirdsallbelongtotheclassofanimal.Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassification2.ApplyingClassification(应用归类)*Classificationisastrategyofexplainingorexaminingasubjectbyorganizingitscomponentsorvariouspartsintocategories,anditisaveryusefulwaytoorganizecomplexinformation.*Classificationiswidelyusedinalmosteveryaspectofoursocial,economicandacademiclife.The3PrinciplesofClassification:1)Classificationshouldbeconsistent(一致性),sothatresultingsubgroupsarebasedonthesameprinciple.2)Classificationshouldbeexclusive(排他性),sothatresultingsubgroupsdonotoverlap.3)Classificationshouldbecomplete(完整性),sothatnoimportantsubgroupsareomitted.Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassification3.Reading1CausesforGlobalWarming(P36)NewWords:1)besplitupinto=分裂成…2)anthropogenic(adj.)=人为的；人类活动的3)methanegas=瓦斯（天然气、沼气/甲烷、油田气、煤矿坑道气等）4)arctictundraandwetlands=极地苔原地带/冻原地带5)greenhousegas=温室气体6)fossilfuel=化石燃料7)demolish(vt.)=摧毁；破坏8)ecosystem=生态系统9)manure(n.)=粪便10)mine(vt.)coalandoil=开采煤和石油Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassification3.Reading1CausesforGlobalWarmingQuestions:(P36)1)Whatarethetwocausesofglobalwarming?Naturalcausesandman-made/anthropogeniccauses.2)Pleaseclassifytheman-madecausesofglobalwarmingaccordingtoyourownknowledge.Pollution---burningfossilfuel,miningcoalandoil,etc.ProductionofCO2---theincreaseofpopulation,thedemolishmentoftrees,etc.Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassification3.Reading1CausesforGlobalWarmingQuestions:(P36)3)WhydoestheemissionofCO2contributeheavilytotheproblemofglobalwarming?BecauseCO2isagreenhousegasthattrapsheatintheEarth’satmosphere.4)Inyourview,whataretherolesofclassificationinourunderstandingoftheworldandinthestudyofourownmajor?Howisitcloselyconnectedwithdefinition?Classificationhelpsustodetermineandunderstandtherelationshipofthepartsofasubjectwhichisstudiedbyus.Classificationismadeonthebasisofacleardefinition.Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassification3.Reading1CausesforGlobalWarmingQuestions:(P36)5)Howcanyoumakeaclearandlogicclassification?Inordertomakeaclearandlogicclassification,wemustfollowthe3principlesofclassification:1)Classificationshouldbeconsistent(一致性),sothatresultingsubgroupsarebasedonthesameprinciple.2)Classificationshouldbeexclusive(排他性),sothatresultingsubgroupsdonotoverlap.3)Classificationshouldbecomplete(完整性),sothatnoimportantsubgroupsareomitted.Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassificationUsingEnglishtoClassify(P37)1.Whatare3stepstomakeeffectiveclassification?1)Tosortthingsintousefulcategories;2)Tomakesureallthecategoriesfollowasingleorganizingprinciple;3)Togiveexamplesthatfitintoeachcategory.Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassificationUsingEnglishtoClassify(P37)2.Whatisthetypicalclassificationformula?Topic+sortingcriterion+category1+category2+category3e.g.Literature,intermsofgenres,isclassifiedintopoetry,drama,prose,fiction;whileintermsoftimes,literatureisclassifiedintoancientliterature,contemporaryliteratureandmodernliterature.Thefollowingphrasesareoftenusedinclassification:Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassificationUsingEnglishtoClassify(P37)2.Whatarethephrasesthatareoftenusedinclassification?1)…maybeclassifiedaccordingto/onthebasisof/dependingon…2)Theclassificationisbasedupon…3)Toclassify/categorize/group/divideintoanumberofclasses/broadareas4)Various/several/thefollowingcategories/types/species/families/classes5)…maybesub-divided/sub-grouped/furthersub-divided…Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassificationFossilFuels:TraditionalEnergy(P38)NewWords:1)organicremains=有机残余物；生物遗骸2)prehistoric(adj.)=史前的3)theEarth’scrust=地壳4)convertAintoB=将A转变成B5)carbon-containing=含碳的6)petroleum(n.)=petrol/crudeoil=原油；石油7)extensively(adv.)=广泛地8)derivative(n.)=衍生物；派生物9)deplete(vi./vt.)=衰减；使衰减Task1:FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassificationFossilFuels:TraditionalEnergy(P38)Thelearningofthispartisconvertedintoparagraphdictation.Dictation1:Coalisthemostabundantfossilresource.Itprovidesaboutone-quarterofthetotalenergytheworlduses,and40percentoftheelectricitygeneratedworldwideispoweredbycoal.Thesteelindustryalsoisgreatlydependentuponthisfossilfuel.Likeotherdepletingsourcesofglobalenergy,coalreservesarealsoonasteepdecline.M