雅思阅读-是非无判断题

LectureTwoTRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVENQUESTIONS是非无判断题ObjectivesofLectureTwoOverviewofT/F/NGquestions;PrinciplesofT/F/NGquestions;StepsofdoingT/F/NGquestions;TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVENQUESTIONSOverviewofT/F/NGquestionsBasedonthestatisticsfromthelastthreeyears,T/F/NGquestionsinIELTSReadingisbecomingmoreimportant;Normally7-16questions;Examinerhastojudgewhethertheinformationinthequestions(statements)areTrue/False/NotGivenaccordingtotheoriginaltext;OverviewofT/F/NGquestionsMostquestionsfollowingtheorderprinciple;ifnot,keywordshavetobefound;Nopersonalunderstandings,findanswerfromtheoriginaltext;Languageunderstandingonly,nologicalunderstanding;Itisoneofthedetailed/localquestions(basedontheThreesElementsAnalysisSystem).OverviewofT/F/NGquestions题目为若干个陈述句，要求根据原文所给信息，判断每个陈述句是对，错，还是未提及。题目中通常陈述A事物和B事物之间的关系，而关系通常被设置为考点。需通过题目中的关键词找到原文该题出处，作对比理解。True/False/NotGivenTRUE/YESFALSE/NONOTGIVENTRUEⅠImplicationsofTRUEWhentheinformationrepresentedinthequestionsandtheoriginaltextarethesame,thequestionisTRUE：题目和原文对应信息表述一致。Topicinformation(topic)inthestatementandtheoriginaltextarethesame;Descriptiontothetopic(how)inthequestionandthetextarethesame.PrinciplesofTRUE1.Questionisconsentedwiththeoriginaltext(Synonymousofn.).题目是原文的同义表达/同义替换:名词（同根词之间的转换）Example1:Question:Computersaremorepopularthantheyusedtobe.Original:Computersaregaininginpopularity,despitetheircost.Questionisconsentedwiththeoriginaltext(n.).Synonymous：numbers数量的同义替换Example2AQuestion:Manylecturesgetsatisfactionfromtheirwork.Original：Themajorityoflecturesfindtheirjobsveryrewarding.NB：Many包含在majority之内。Synonymous：numbers数量的同义替换Example2BQuestion:Mostarelessthanfiveyearsold.大多数都少于五年。Original：Fewaremorethanfiveyearsold.很少有超过五年的。PrinciplesofTRUE2.Thequestionisareasonableinductionoftheoriginaltext.题目是原文的合理推断。Example3:Original:Ithasbeenprovedthatarapidresponse（快速反应）leadstoagreatlikelihoodofaarrest（逮捕）onlyifitis1-2minutesafteracallisreceivedbyapolice.Whentheresponsetimeincreasesto3-4minutes,thelikelihoodofarrestissubstantiallyreduced.2.Questionisareasonablyinductionoftheoriginaltext.Question:Adelayof1-2minutesinresponsemayhavesubstantialinfluenceonwhetherornotasuspectedcriminal（嫌疑犯）iscaught.RapidResponse1-2minutes3-4minutesAgreaterlikelihoodofarrestThelikelihoodofanarrestissubstantiallyreducedNotestoTRUEquestionsNopersonalunderstandingsandnopersonalreasoning可以依据原文做适当的推断，但不能做无根据的自行推断或过度的推理。Example4Question:A50-wattE-lampcangivethesameamountoflightthatisgivenbya200-wattincandescent.NotestoTRUEquestionsOriginal:Countingthecostofelectricity,a25-wattE-lampcouldgiveoutthesameamountoflightcomparabletoa100-wattincandescentlamp(白炽灯).Answer:NOTGIVENFALSE&NOTGIVENImplicationsofFALSETheinformationexpressedinthequestionistheoppositeofthatpresentedinthetext.ImplicationsofNOTGIVENYoucanfindnothinginthetextabouttheinformation.选择false还是notgiven关键要看题目表述和原文表述是否对立。FALSE&NOTGIVENExample5Original：Thewateriscold.Question1:Thewaterishot.Question2:Thewaterisdirty.FALSE/NOⅠPrinciplesofFALSE1.Statementswhicharetheoppositeoftheoriginaltext.命题与原文内容对立（相反）。Example6Question:Hurricanesarewindswiththespeedofupto74milesperhour.Original:Hurricaneshavewindsofatleast74milesperhour.PrinciplesofFALSE2.Statementswhicharetheoppositeoftheoriginaltext,becausetheyarenegative.命题与原文内容对立（相反），因为命题否定原文内容。Example7：Question:Thedestructioncausedbyhurricaneshasceasedduetoimprovementsinforecasting.PrinciplesofFALSEOriginal:Asforecastingimprovedcommunitieswerenolongersurprisedbyhurricanesandcouldtakemeasurestoevaluateaheadofthestorm.Whiledestructionstillcontinues,thenumberofdeathsinhurricaneshasdroppedsignificantly.continue—ceasedPrinciplesofFALSE3.Statementswheretheinformationisnottheoppositeornegative,buttheinformationinthestatementcontradictsthatgiveninthetext.命题信息既不对立（相反）也不否定，但是和原文内容矛盾。3.InformationinstatementscontradictsthatgiveninthetextExample8Original:In1609,afleetofshipscarryingsettlersfromEnglandtoVirginiaUSAwasstuckbyahurricane.SomeoftheshipsweredamagedandpartofthefleetgroundedonBermuda,anisolatednationintheAtlantic.ThesepassengersbecamethefirstpeopletoliveonBermuda.3.InformationinstatementscontradictsthatgiveninthetextQuestion：ThefirstpeopletoliveonBermudaweresettlerswhochosetolivethereasalternativetoEngland。NotestoFALSE/NO1.当题目与原文内容相对立时，通常有反义词、not+同义词或者反义结构出现。2.Example9Question：Aspeciesissaidtobeextinctwhenonlyoneindividualexists.当只有一个个体存活时，一个物种就被说是灭亡了。Original：Aspeciesbecomesextinctwhenthelastindividualdies.当最后一个个体死亡时，一个物种就灭绝了。NotestoFALSE/NO2.Whenthecontexthasmanyfactorsparalleled,andthestatementsinthequestionisjustoneofthem(“must”or“only”appears);原文是多个条件并列，题目只是其中一个条件（出现must或only).NotestoFALSE/NOExample10.Question:onlyRussianshavewongoldmedalsinthemen’swinterOlympics.Original:SincethestartofWinterGames,45outof46goldmedalsinmen’sNordicskiing(越野滑雪)eventhavebeenwonbycompetitorsfromScandinaviaortheformerSovietUnion.NotestoFALSE/NO3.thecontexthastwoormorecircumstances(oftenhas“both…and,and,or,also”etc.),statementsinthequestiononlyoneofthecircumstancesmentioned.Thequestiononlymentionsitmust/onlyhasonecircumstance.原文是两个或多个情况都