The-British-museum大英博物馆

(GroundFloor，includingLevel0-2)、(UpperFloor，includingLevel3-5)、(LowerFloor，includingLevel-1、-2)Africapavilion,pavilion,pavilionofancientEgypt,ancientGreekandRomanpavilion,pavilioninAsia,Europe,theMiddleEastpavilion,specialexhibitionhallHistoryoftheBritishMuseumEstablishedin1753.Themuseumfirstopenedtothepublicon15January1759inMontaguHouseinBloomsbury,onthesiteofthecurrentmuseumbuilding.ItsexpansionoverthefollowingtwoandahalfcenturieswaslargelyaresultofanexpandingBritishcolonialfootprintandhasresultedinthecreationofseveralbranchinstitutions,thefirstbeingtheBritishMuseum(NaturalHistory)inSouthKensingtonin1887.Until1997,whentheBritishLibrary(previouslycenteredontheRoundReadingRoom)movedtoanewsite,theBritishMuseumwasuniqueinthatithousedbothanationalmuseumofantiquitiesandanationallibraryinthesamebuilding.Themuseumisanon-departmentalpublicbodysponsoredbytheDepartmentforCulture,MediaandSport,andaswithallothernationalmuseumsintheUnitedKingdomitchargesnoadmissionfee.Since2002thedirectorofthemuseumhasbeenNeilMacGregor.TheBritishMuseumisamuseumofhumanhistoryandcultureinLondon.Itscollections,whichnumbermorethan7millionobjects.areamongstthelargestandmostcomprehensiveintheworldandoriginatefromallcontinents,illustratinganddocumentingthestoryofhumanculturefromitsbeginningtothepresent.threetreasuresoftheBritishMuseumTheRosettaStoneofEgypt埃及罗塞塔石碑Thecollectionwasmadein196BC,afternapoleon'sdefeatinEgypt,BritainacquiredoneofthemostpreciousculturalrelicsinEgypt.ThestonetablethasthesamecontentinGreek,theancientEgyptianandtemporalpopularwritingsystem.It’sanimportantmilestonetoresearchancientEgyptianhistory.TheElginMarbles埃尔金大理石雕塑TheElginMarblesispartoftheancientGreekParthenonsculpturesandarchitecturalremnants,sofarhasahistoryofmorethan2500years.TheElginmarblesisoneofthemostrepresentativeexhibitsoftheBritishmuseum.AdmonitionsScroll女史箴图AdmonitionsScrollistheearliestChinesesilkpainting,hasthemilestonesignificanceinChinesearthistory.ItisthisfortheQingempire,theQianlongemperor'slove,hiddenintheoldSummerPalace.In1860,BritishandFrenchtroopsinvadedBeijing,BritisharmystolenitfromtheoldSummerPalace.It’soneofthemostimportantOrientalculturalrelicsintheBritishmuseum.SignificanceoftheBritishMuseum1.确定了博物馆的公共地位，“既不属于国王、也不属于教会、更不属于贵族”，而是属于英国全体国民，成为了“典范意义的博物馆”。1.Determinethemuseum'spublicstatus,doesnotbelongtotheking,anddonotbelongtothechurch,moredonotbelongtothearistocracy,butbelongstotheEnglishthenation,hasbecometheapotheosisofmuseum.2.集中了历代英国知名收藏家的藏品，几乎把百科全书具象化，特别是在博物学领域，和百科全书共同对人类进行了现代化启蒙。2.Focusonthecollectionofthewell-knownBritishcollectorthroughtheages,almostputtheencyclopediavisualization,especiallyinthefieldofnaturalhistory,withtheencyclopediamadethemodernenlightenmentforhumantogether.3.采取免费或者极低收费策略，塑造了博物馆公益事业的形象。3.Takeafreeorlow-coststrategy,shapingtheimageofthemuseumofpublicwelfareundertakings.4.同卢浮宫、埃尔米塔什博物馆和大都会博物馆一起构建了物质文化领域的殖民主义世界文化秩序，自身则构建了英国在近代的世界霸主地位。4.WiththeLouvremuseumandthemetropolitanmuseumofarttogethertobuildthefieldofmaterialcultureinthecolonialismworld’sculturalorder,itselfisbuiltinmodernBritishdominanceintheworld.5.以大英博物馆为首的英国博物馆体系仍然是世界博物馆界的主流（虽然法国人会根本不承认），是世界博物馆发展的动力源泉之一。5.TheBritishmuseumsystem,ledbytheBritishmuseum,isstillthemainstreamofthemuseumworld(althoughtheFrenchwillnotadmit),isoneofthepowersourceforthedevelopmentoftheworldmuseum.TheEndBy:赵司义&樊春阳