2019秋季改版人教版高一英语必修一学案-Unit4-Natural-Disasters-secti

2019新人教版高一英语Unit4NaturalDisasters学案-Section2-31Section2重点词汇1.supply（1）vt.供应，补充Foodsuppliestheenergyformovement.食物为运动提供能量。（2）n.【C】供应（量）；（常用复数）供应品Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople’sbodiesovertime.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体内累积起来。Thereisagoodsupplyofbooksinthestore.这家店里由大量的书籍。归纳拓展inshortsupply供应不足supplysth.tosb.=supplysb.withsth.给某人提供某物Thesegoodsareinshortsupply.这些货物供应不足。TheHelpDesksuppliesservicetoyoualltheyearround！服务台常年为您提供服务！Thisshopsuppliesuswithallweneed.这家商店给我们提供了我们所需要的一切。2.survive用法详解（1）vi.存活，生存，继续存在。常见搭配:surviveonsth.=liveonsth.靠......存活。Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand，assuch，theonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmonywithnature.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式是与自然和谐相处。Theseplantscannotsurviveinverycoldconditions.这些植物在严寒中不能存活。Idon'tknowhowyouallmanagetosurviveonyoursmallsalary.我真不知道你们只靠微薄的薪金是怎样过活的。（2）vt.幸存；幸免于难（不能用于被动语态）。其宾语通常是war，accident，flood，fire，earthquake，aircrash等。Shewastheonlypersontosurvivetheaccident.她是这次事故的唯一幸存者。（3）vt.比......活（或存在）的时间长。常见搭配：survivesb.by+时间比某人多活......Shesurvivedherhusbandbytwentyyears.她比她的丈夫多活了二十年。特别提醒（1）survive表示“幸存，幸免于难”时直接跟宾语，后面不能再加in或from等介词；（2）当survive翻译为：比......活的时间常，表时间的名词前要加介词by。归纳拓展（1）相关词语积累：survivaln.【U】幸存，生存，存活survivorn.幸存者，生还者（2）动词survive去掉e加上-al后变成名词survival类似的词语还有：remove----removal移动refuse----refusal拒绝arrive-----arrival到达approve------approval赞成Propose-----proposal建议，提议3.aid用法详解（1）n.帮助；援助。常见搭配：firstaid急救cometoone’said来帮助某人inaidof......为了帮助......withtheaidof......在......的帮助下Icouldn’tspeakFrenchbutakindmancametomyaid.我不会说法语，但是一个好心人来帮我了。I’mcollectingmoneyinaidofstarvingchildren.为了帮助接的孩子们，我正在募捐。Withtheaidofourteachers，welearnedhowtofivefirstaid.在我们的老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。（2）v.帮助，援助。常见搭配：aidsb.indoingsth.帮助某人做某事aidsb.in/withsth.在某方面帮助某人Theyaidedthelow-incomefamilieswithmoney.他们在金钱方面帮助了那些低收入的家庭。Wearegreatlyaidedinourinvestigationbythecooperationofthepolice.警察的协助对我们的调查有很大的帮助。4.语法专项突破定语从句（1）2019新人教版高一英语Unit4NaturalDisasters学案-Section2-32定语从句在句子中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用。修饰说明名词，代词或者主句的全部内容；通常在被修饰词（先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。要学号定语从句，就必须理解透“关系词”具有的三种功能：连接从句，引导定语从句；指代“先行词”；在定语从句中充当句子的成分。“关系词”根据其在定语从句中的功能，又分为：“关系代词”与“关系副词”。指代功能主语宾语定语表语指人who，thatwhom，thatwhosethat指物which，thatwhich，thatwhosethat（1）由关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词指代功能例句that在从句中做主语或宾语指物Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（做主语）Thenoodles（that）Icookedweredelicious.（做宾语）指人Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.（做主语）Thegirl（that）wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.（做宾语）which在从句中做主语或宾语指物Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.（做主语）Thefish（which）weboughtwerenotfresh.（做宾语）who在从句中做主语指人TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledWangHua.whom在从句中做宾语指人Theprofessor（whom）youmentionedhasn’tcomeyet.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.MrsBrownistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.whose在从句中做定语指人HenryistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher.指物Thenovelwhosecoverwasbrokenbelongstome.（2）只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况用法例句先行词为不定时代词时，如阿拉蕾，much，little，everything，something，anything，nothing，none，noone等Ihavesaidall（that）Iwanttosay.Isthereanything（that）Icandoforyou？先行词被形容词最高级，序数词等修饰，或本身就是最高级，序数词时Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshowninthecity.We’llneverforgetthefirstlesson（that）ourEnglishteachergaveus.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast，just，all，every，no，little，few，any等修饰时Thisistheverybook（that）Iwanttobuy.Thereislittlework（that)youcando.Theonlything（that）Icandoistohavearest.先行词既有人又有物时Theytalkedaboutthemanandthethingsthattheysaw.当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时Whichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight？Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere？先行词做主句的表语时Chinaisn’tthecountry（that）itusedtobe.主句是therebe结构时，修饰其主语的定语从句用that引导Thereisatableinthecornerthatisfoldedaway.（3）只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况用法例句当关系代词前有介词Thisisthehouseinwhichheoncelived.引导非限制性定语从句时Football，whichisaveryinterestinggame，isplayedallovertheworld.句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用whichHeboughtanAmericanmagazinethatcouldgivehimsomuchEnglishknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokilltime.2019新人教版高一英语Unit4NaturalDisasters学案-Section2-33当先行词本身是that时Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.（4）只用who不用that引导定语从句的情况用法例句当先行词是指人的不定代词时Amonghissevenchildren，Nancyistheonewhotheoldmanlovesthemost.在therebe结构中，先行词指人Thereissomeonewhoissingingdownstairs.（5）关系代词as的用法1.可位于句首，句中，句尾，位置灵活2.常做主动语态的宾语3.常做被动语态的主语4.常用于beknown（expected，announced，reported，shown）等结构中5.只能指代主句整个概念，不能指代单个先行词6.可以引导（非）限制性定语从句7.引导限制性定语从句时常和thesame，such，so，as等连用8.thesame......as指不同的人或物，thesame......that指相同的人或物9.as不用于引导否定的定语从句Taiwan，as/whichyouknow，isaninseparablepartofChina.Asyouknow，TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina，as/whichyouknow.Thetwobrothersweresatisfiedwiththisdecision，asweagreedbeforehand.Theprofessor，aswehadexpected，gaveusawonderfulspeech.Asisknowntoall，Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinthelast20years.Heisfromthesouth，asIlearnfromhisaccent.Takeasmanybooksasyoucan.I’veneverheardofsuchthingsashetold.It’saspleasantatripasIhadlastmonth.Hemadethesamemistakesasyoudid.拓展（1）关系代词在从句中做主语时，应根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsFrench.（theonlyone为先行词）HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowFrench.（students为先行词）（2）关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词做动词宾语或介词宾语（这时介词不能再关系代词前）时常可省略。Theyboy（that/who/w