阅读困难诊断标准与模式的_后智力_成就差异_趋势

[]2007-01-31[](1980-),,,,,(,100875)[],,,,,,,,[];;;[]G40[]A[]100220209(2007)0520013209,80%[1],,,5%-10%[2](P17-28),,[3],,[4],,,,,,,,[1][5],,2060,,,,,,,,,,,IQ(DSM-IV),:,,31()20075(203)©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[6](P49-56)[7][8][9](P369-427)[10][11],,IQ,()IQ,,,,,,,;,,,,,[12](P4-10),,IQ,IQ,IQ[13],,,[14],,[15],,IQ(),,,,[16][17][18],16577-1616,,(:)[16][17],9,[18],,,403,,715,20,,,[19],,,41()20075(203)©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[19],,[18],,,,(),,,2002,IQ[9](P369-427)2004123,?,,25%[16][19][20]15%[21],,;,,,,,,():[22],BradleyBryant,,107,7[23]Stanovich,,[22],,WolfBowers,[24],[25],,,,,51©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),(morpho-syl2labicscript)[26](P68-90),,?,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39],,,[28][29][31][32][33][34],,,[35][36],,50%,[35],(),[37][38][39][40](P189-209),7517577,,,[39],[38],,,(),,,,,,[41],,,,,,,,[42],,[27][28][30][39],[35][37],61()20075(203)©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[43](P81-94),,,,,,,,,,[44],(ResponsivenesstoIn2tervention:RTI),[45],,,RTI()RTIRTI[46]/,//,,/,,,,,RTI,,,,,RTI,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=,,,,[47](P345-422),,RTI,[48](P51-73),,,,,,SASSPSSHLMMPLUS()RTIRTI,,,71©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),[22],,(non-responders),,(responders),,,,,,,RTI,,,[14],,RTI,,,,,,,,,35%[48](P51-73)RTI,RTI,,,[49],,,,VellutinoScanlonSipaySmallPrattChenDenckla[50]70,,60%,,,,,,,[44],,,RTI,(),RTI,,,,,,,,[51],,,,,,[48],,,81()20075(203)©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[][1]LYONGR.Towardsadefinitionofdyslexia[J].An2nalsofDyslexia,1995,45:3-27.[2]SNOWLINGM.Dyslexia(2nded.)[M].Oxford,U.K.:Blackwell,2000.[3]BRUCKM.Persistenceofdyslexicsphonologicalawarenessdeficits[J].DevelopmentalPsychology,1992,28:874-886.[4]STEVENSONHW,STIGLERJM,LUCKERGW,LEES.Readingdisabilities:thecaseofChinese,Japa2neseandEnglish[J].ChildDevelopment,1982,53:1164-1181.[5]LYONGR,SHAYWITZSE,SHAYWITZBA.Adefinitionofdyslexia[J].AnnalsofDyslexia,2003,53:1-14.[6]AmericanPsychiatricAssociation.DiagnosticandSta2tisticManualofMentalDisorders-ForthEdition(DSM-)[M].Washington,DC:Author,2000.[7]FRANKENBERGERW,HARPERJ.Statescriteriaandproceduresforidentifyinglearningdisabledchil2dren:acomparisonof1981/82and1985/86guidelines[J].JournaloflearningDisabilities,1987,20:118-121.[8]RUTTERM.Isleofweightrevisted:twenty-fiveyearsofchildpsychiatricepidemiology[J].JournaloftheAmericanAcademyofChildandAdolescentPsychi2atry,1989,29:633-653.[9]BRADLEYR,DANIELSONL,HALLABAND.Iden2tificationofLearningDisabilities:ResearchtoPractice[M].MahwahNJ:Erlbaum,2002.[10],,.[J].,1998,6(3):136-139.[11],,.[J].,2006,(3).[12]ANASTASIA,URBINAS.PsychologicalTesting(7thed.)[M].UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:PrenticeHall,1997.[13]SIEGELLS.EvidencethatIQscoresareirrelevanttothedefinitionandanalysisofreadingdisability[J].Ca2nadianJournalofPsychology,1988,42:201-215.[14]SHAYWITZBA,HOLFORDTR,HOLAHANJM,FLETCHERJM,STUEBINGKK,FRANCISDJ,SHAYWITZSE.AmattheweffectforIQbutnotforreading:resultsfromalongitudinalstudy[J].ReadingResearchQuarterly,1995,30:894-906.[15]SHAYWITZSE,SHAYWITZBA,PUGHKR,FULBRIGHTRK,CONSTABLERT,MENCLWE,SHANKWEILERDP,LIBERMANAM,SKUD291©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[J].ProceedingoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,1998,95:2636-2641.[16]SIEGELLS.Anevaluationofthediscrepancydefini2tionofdyslexia[J].JoumalofLearningDisabilities,1992,25:618-629.[17]STANOVICHKE,SIEGELLS.Thephenotypicperformanceprofileofreading-disabledchildren:a1regression-basedtestofthephonological-corevaria2ble-differencemodel[J].JournalofEducationalPsy2chology,1994,86:24-53.[18]FLETCHERJM,SHAYWITZSE,SHANKWEIL2ERD,KATZL,LIBERMANI,STUEBINGK,FRANCISDJ,FOWLERA,ShaywitzBA.Cognitiveprofilesofreadingdisability:comparisonsofdiscrepan2cyandlowachievementdefinitions[J].JournalofEdu2cationalPsychology,1994,86:6-23.[19]FRANCISDJ,FLETCHERJM,SHAYWITZBA,SHAYWITZSE,ROURKEBP.Defininglearningandlanguagedisabilities:conceptualandpsychometricissueswiththeuseofIQtests[J].Language,Speech,andHearingServicesinSchools,1996,27:132-143.[20]SIEGELLS,RYANEB.Developmentofgrammati2cal-sensitivity,phonological,andshort-termmemo2ryskillsinnormallyachievingandlearningdisabledchildren[J].DevelopmentalPsychology,1998,24:38-37.[21]BRYANTP.Awarenessoflanguageinchildrenwhohavereadingdifficulties:historicalcomparisonsinalongitudinalstudy[J].JournalofChildPsychologicalPsychiatry,1998,39:501-510.[22]VELLUTINOFR,FLETCHERJM,SNOWLINGMJ,SCANLONDM.Specificreadingdisability(dyslexia):whathavewelearnedinthepastfourdec2ades?[J].JournalofChildPsychologyandPsychia2try,