分析迪福的小说-英国文学

TheanalyzationofDefoe'sNovelsIntroductiontoDefoe(p171-172)Literarystatus–thefatheroftheEnglishnovel.Englishnovelist,journalist,pamphleteer,producingmorethan500books,pamphlets,andtracts（小册子）.Thethemesofhiswritingincludepolitics,crime,religion,marriage,psychology,supernatural（超自然）Fictions:RobinsonCrusoe(1719)《鲁滨逊漂流记》CaptainSingleton《辛格尔顿船长》(1720)DuncanCampbell(1720)《邓肯坎贝尔》MemoirsofaCavalier(1720)《一个骑士的回忆录》ColonelJack(1722)《陆军上校杰克》MollFlanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》(1722)JournalofthePlagueYear《大疫年纪事》(1722)TheHistoryoftheDevil(1726)《魔鬼的历史》Defoe’sWorks(p.172-173)◆Defoehadagiftfororganizingminutedetailsinsuchavividwaythathisstoriescouldbebothcredibleandfascinating.◆Hissentencesaresometimesshort,crispandplain,andsometimeslongandrambling,whichleaveonthereaderanimpressionofcasualnarration.◆Hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular.Thereisnothingartificialinhislanguage:itiscommonEnglishatitsbest.◆Hisnovelsenjoyedgreatpopularityamongthemiddleclass.ArtisticfeaturesHissocialoutlook（社会观）•Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Defoespokeforandtothemembersofhisclassandhisnovelsenjoyedgreatpopularityamongthelesscultivated(有教养的)readers.Inmostofhisworks,hegavehispraisetothehard-working,sturdy（坚定的）middleclassandshowedhissympathyforthedowntrodden(被压迫的)unfortunate(不幸的)poor.•Defoeisananti-romantic,anti-feudal（反封建制度的）realisticwriter.Hisstoriesareallrealconcernsofhistime:peopleintheirstruggletoovercomethenaturalorsocialenvironment.•Defoeadoptstheautobiographical（自传的）formandmadefulluseofhislongtrainedjournalisticskill.Hestressesonactionsorpeopleinactions,notmuchplotorportrayalofcharacters,butexactjournalistaccountofthedaily,trivialhappenings.FeaturesofDefoe’sNovelsSelectedReadings(p.176-186)RobinsonCrusoeAboutRobinsonCrusoeThehero:RobinsonCrusoeCrusoe’sLifeontheIslandRelatedAnalysisbasedontheexperiencesofAlexanderSelkirk,acaptainlivedaloneinanislandfor5years.creatingavisualpicturethatmanifestshowhumanhistoryhasdevelopedfromtheprimitive(原始的)tothefeudal（封建的）andthentothecapitalistic（资本主义的）inthe18thcentury.describeshowRobinson,a18-centurymiddle-classtradesman,experiencedhisromanticlifeonawildislandfor28years.AboutRobinsonCrusoeplot3parts:Part1---aboutCrusoe’sthreevoyages;Part2---abouthishardstrugglesagainstnatureonasmalldesertedisland;(thebodyofthenovel)Part3---aboutwhathappenedafterhisreturn.CharacterizationRobinsonCrusoe◆Self-independent;perseverant;inspiringandinnovating,adventurous,colonialmind;practicalperseverant–heisherearealhero:atypicaleighteenth-centuryEnglishmiddle-classmanwithagreatcapacityforwork,inexhaustibleenergy,courage,patience&persistenceinovercomingobstacles,instrugglingagainstthehostilenaturalenvironment.–Heistheveryprototype（原型）oftheempirebuilder,thepioneercolonist.attheearlystage,anindividuallaborer,andthenamaster,untilatlastanexploiter,acolonizeranimageofanenterprisingEnglishmanofthe18thcenturyandoneoftherepresentativeoftherisingbourgeoisie(新兴资产阶级)anembodiment(体现)ofthespiritofindividualenterpriseandcolonialexpansion（殖民扩张）amanstrugglingagainstnatureandhumanfate,withindomitablewillandhandamangoingthroughdifferentstagesofhumancivilizationinaseeminglyprimitiveenvironmentThehero:RobinsonCrusoeFriday:–ThefirstnonwhitecharacterdescribedinEnglishnovels,henceahugeliteraryandculturalimportance.•Friday:Friendship,Loyalty,Gratitude•Robinson:TheAmbivalenceofMasterya.theMaster-Slaverelationship-----acompanionshipunderhisdominanceb.afeelingofbrotherhoodthatexceedsRobinson'scolonizingposition.RobinsonandFriday《鲁滨逊漂流记》中表现的笛福宗教观TheReligiousViewsinDanielDefoe‘sRobinsonCrusoe•【英文摘要】Inreligiousvalues,DefoewasgreatlyinfluencedbythephilosopherssuchasJohnLocke.Hemaintainedthefreedomofreligionandwasagainstautocraticmonarchy.Defoe'sviewsforreligionwerefullyreflectedinhischaracterofRobinsoninRobinsonCrusoe.•在宗教思想上笛福受洛克等哲学家的影响,反对专制,主张信仰自由,笛福的这种宗教观集中地从其小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》的鲁滨逊这个人物形象身上充分地表现出来。OnBritishIslandLiterature(英国荒岛文学)•[Abstract]TheformingofBritishislandliteratureiscloselyrelatedwithhergeographicalposition,hercolonialexpansionhistoryaswellashernationaladventurespirit.Thus,islandnaturallybecomesanindispensablethemeinBritishliterature.•EarlyfromTheTempestbyWilliamShakespeareinthe16thcenturytoRobinsonCrusoebyDanielDeforeinthe17th,fromTheCoralIslandbyR1M1Ballantyneinthe19thcenturytoLordoftheFliesbyWilliamGoldinginmodernliterature,thereareindeedquiteanumberofliteraryworksonisland,whichhavebeenknownasislandliterature.Yet,islandliteraturedoesnotmeantoexploreawaytoescapefromthesociety.Theislandhereisjustacarrier,ameantoexpressitstheme.•[Keywords]islandliterature;geographicalposition;themeThemes•Enterprisingspiritofthenewbourgeoisie（资产阶级）;Tributetohardworkandself-reliance•Westerncolonizationtoovercomewilderness,natureanduncivilizedworld•Glorificationoftheimperialistdream:RobinsontheprototypeoftheBritishEmpire.Chapter25•“Myislandwasnowpeopled,andIthoughtmyselfveryrichinsubjects臣民;anditwasamerryreflection,whichIfrequentlymade,howlikeakingIlooked.•Firstofall,thewholecountrywasmyownmereproperty,sothatIhadanundoubtedrightofdominion.Secondly,mypeoplewereperfectly