德英两国医疗保障模式比较分析-俾斯麦模式和贝弗里奇模式

:2008209221:(19652),,,,:(,200433):()(),,,,:;;;:F8401684:A:100424892(2009)01200222061998,,,,,,,,()(OttovonBismarck)(1883),:,;;,,;,;,,,,,1942(WilliamBeveridge)(nationalhealthservice),19487:;;,;,,221(142)20091CollectedEssaysonFinanceandEconomicsNo.1(General,No.142)Jan.2009,;;,,,;,()()[1],(20084012),,,,20071319%,()75%,25%(1)1:%197519801985199019952000200379117817771576147812751574166617671066136514681267176618121411171112101810107187182110211322162317211824152514916101311121111101812121213518519615712616812816516511419514414411415:OECDHealthData(1999,2001)[2]WHORegionalOfficeforEurope(2005)GesundheitssystemeimWandelDeutschland(p170):100%,2007,7030,,90%,9%[3]()(NHS),,,:;();;,95%,(2),,,(),,,()207032:316%15%,45%2:%197596198971931121201919809613897133142150191985941286812518313215199093137914136173143131995931884918612217315200092168014121171431731720019212791812147183184200292148011121371631731920039319731520146112411200495157421154151153200594119731992012518121531312006941676121814514216218:OECDHealthData(1998)[4]DepartmentofHealth(1998,2002)(),,,,,,,,:();,,,,,,,,,,,:,;,,,,,,:,;,,,,,,,4220091,,,,(Britishmedicalassociation)(generalmedicalservicescommittee),(),,,,(blockcontracts)P(costPvolumecontracts)(cost2per2casecontracts),,2070,,,(20),,,,GDP1970613%200411%,,(3),19708124%200314132%,,(GDP1/3)(20032911%),(200329101P),,3:%1970197519801985199019931995200020052008[5]812410104111411171216131413121315141213195121612181318141213195:InstitutderdeutschenWirtschaftKÊln,DeutschlandinZahlen,DeutscherInsitituts2Verlag,2006,p177,,,;,,;,,,;,,196084%90%;,,(GDP1975515%2005814%),,52:,()1-2,;3-4;,18,;2070801998135[6],,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,52%1977,,,,,,,,,22,,200741[7]:,;,;;,,,;,,,,:1974;19821991,;1997,,,,,,1991:,,,;,,,,,,6220091,;,,,,:,;,,[8],,,:,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,[9]:[1]BundesministeriumfrArbeitundSoziales.bersichtberdasSozialrecht,BWVerlag,2008:167-259.[2]OECED.OECDHealthData,1999&2001.[3]BundesministeriumfrArbeitundSoziales.StatistischesTaschenbuch2007.ArbeitsundSozialstatistikVerlag,2007,(9):11-17.[4]OECD.OECDHealthData,1998.[5]BundesministeriumfrGesundheit,Deutschland.Sozialpolitik:aktuelleDatenimUberblick,2008:1-4.[6]BusfieldJoan.HealthandHealthCareinModernBritain[M].OxfordUniversityPress,2000.108-120.[7].:[J].,2007,(6):106-117.[8].[J].,2005,(Z1):229-236.[9].[M].:,2007.AComparisonofHealthCareSystemModelsinGermanandBritain:BismarckandBeveridgeDINGChun(SchoolofEconomics,FudanUniversity,Shanghai200433,China)Abstract:Brieflydescribingthefundamentalconceptsaswellasthefinancing,reimbursement,andservicearrangementoftheGermansocialhealthsystem(Bismarckmodel)andtheBritishNationalHealthServices(Beveridgemodel),thepaperoutlinesthecharacteristicsandinstitutionalarrangementofthetwosystems,analysestheproblemsandchallengestheyarefacingwithandcommentstheirreformswhichhavebeencarriedout.Onthebasisofthecomparisonofthetwomodels,thepaperpointsoutthesignificancetothehealthcaresystemreforminChina.Keywords:Bismarckmodel;Beveridgemodel;NHS;socialhealthinsurance(:)72: