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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 英语过去完成时的用法总结及练习题附答案
学习必备欢迎下载过去完成时定义过去完成时(pastperfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。基本结构主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词.②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.否定回答:No,主语+hadnot.④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)?基本用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,before,bythetime+从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。例如:Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。例如:Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。例如:Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如:IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。(5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如:Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说他很熟悉她。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。学习必备欢迎下载(6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引导的例如:WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时雨已停了。Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如:AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。(7)动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。例如:Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我们本来希望能来看看你。(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。例如:Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了。时间状语before,when,after,by+,until,once,hadnosooner……than,yet,already等。过去完成时-语法判定1.由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:(1)by+过去的时间点。如:Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。如:WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+过去的时间点。如:TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:(1)宾语从句中学习必备欢迎下载当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.3.根据上、下文来判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.过去完成时专项练习1.Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She______livedherefor______years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with学习必备欢迎下载8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.11.What_______Annie____bythetimehewasten?A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork13.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted14.Benhatesplaying_____violin,buthelikesplaying____football.A.a…theB.the…theC./…theD.the…/15.Bythetimehewas4,he______alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left17.They_________inGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving学习必备欢迎下载18.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived19.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned20.Fergie_______theprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.hasfinished21.Theman________hiscoatandwentout.A.putonB.hadputonC.willputonD.wasputtingon22Mymother______inthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.workedD.works23.Dad________whilehe_______TV.A.fellasleep…watchB.wasfallingasleep…watchedC.fellasleep……waswatchingD.hadfallenasleep…watched一.用动词的适当形式填空1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey________(leave).4.Th
本文标题:英语过去完成时的用法总结及练习题附答案
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