英美文学John-Dos-Passos

JohnDosPassos约翰·多斯·帕索斯(1896-1970)目录CONTENTSLifeExperienceMajorWorksContributionsandInfluenceRepresentativeWorksJohnDosPassosLifeExperience1896-1970JohnDosPassosJohnDosPassos(January14,1896–September28,1970)wasanAmericannovelistandartistactiveinthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.BorninChicago,Illinois,hegraduatedfromHarvardCollegein1916.Hewaswell-traveled,visitingEuropeandtheMiddleEast,wherehelearnedaboutliterature,art,andarchitecture.DuringWorldWarI,hewasamemberoftheAmericanVolunteerMotorAmbulanceCorpsinParisandinItaly,laterjoiningtheU.S.ArmyMedicalCorps.PoliticalideasHeexperiencedmosttheagonyofhavingtodoanabout-faceinhispoliticaloutlook.HiswritingswereCommunist-orientedforalongperiod,almostfromthebeginningofhiscareerthroughapartofthethirties.In1936,heswitchedovertobeingaNewDealeranddismissedcommunism;Meanwhile,hisattackoncapitalismremainedvehement.Infifties,hischangetoconservatismseemedcomplete.U.S.AaTrilogyJohnRandolphDosPassosLucyAddisonSpriggMadisonJohnRoderigoMadisonElizabethHHoldridgeLucyHamlinDosPassosFamilymembersTimeline1907,TraveledtoEuropeandtheMiddleEasttostudythemastersofclassicalart,artchitectureandliterature.1912,EnrolledinHarvardCollege.1918,JoinedtheU.S.ArmyMedicalCorps.1916,TraveledtoSpaintostudyartandarchitecture.1917,VolunteeredfortheS.S.U.60oftheNorton-HarjesAmbulanceCropsasanambulancedriver.biographyBornDeathlifeBornonJanuary14,1896InChicago,IllinoistoJohnRandolphDosPassosJr.andLucyAddisonSpriggMadison.Bothparentsweremarriedtosomeoneelse,spentmostoflifeinEuropewithhismothertoprotecthisfather’ssocialstatus.biographyBornDeathlifeIn1912,heenrolledinHarvardCollege.Followinghisgraduationin1916,hetraveledtoSpaintostudyartandarchitecture.InJuly1917,withWorldWarIraginginEurope,DosPassosvolunteeredfortheS.S.U.60oftheNorton-HarjesAmbulanceCorps,alongwithfriendsE.E.CummingsandRobertHillyer.Married1stwifein1929KatharineF.Smith,diedin1947duetoanautomobileaccident.RemarriedtoElizabethHamlinHoldridgein1949,andhadonedaughter.biographyBornDeathlifeAnartistaswellasanovelist,DosPassoscreatedhisowncoverartforhisbooks,wasinfluencedbymodernismin1920sParisandpainted.HediedonSeptember28,1970,inBaltimore.JohnDosPassosMajorWorks1896-1970MajorworksOneMan'sInitiation:1917(1920)ManhattanTransfer(1925)StreetsofNight(1923)The42ndParallel(1930)NineteenNineteen(1932)TheBigMoney(1936)MainworksThreeSoldiers(1921)《三个士兵》StreetsofNight(1923)《夜晚的街道》FacingtheChair(1927)OrientExpress(1927)TourofDuty(1946)《值班》TheGroundweStandOn(1949)DistrictofColumbia(1952)《哥伦比亚特区》:•AdventuresofaYoungMan(1939)•NumberOne(1943)•TheGrandDesign(1949)ChosenCountry(1951)MostLikelytoSucceed(1954)《最有可能成功的人》ThreeSoldiersOneoftheAmericanwarnovelsoftheFirstWorldWar,andremainsaclassicoftherealistwarnovelgenre.ThisnovelbroughtDosPassosconsiderablerecognition.ItshowedthemainthoughtofAmericannaturalismthathumancannotcontrolhisownlife.ItchangedthewholetoneofAmericanopinionaboutthewar,itevenchangedtherecollectionsofactualveteransofthewar.JohnDosPassosContributionsandInfluenceAmericannovelistandartistAchievementDosPassos'pioneeringworksofnonlinearfictionwereamajorinfluenceinthefield.Inanoftencited1936essay,SartrereferredtoDosPassosasthegreatestwriterofourtime.“WriterMaryMcCarthyreportedthatThe42ndParallelwasamongthechiefinfluencesonherownwork.Inthetelevisiondocumentary,TheOdysseyofJohnDosPassos,NormanMailersaidsimply:“ThosethreevolumesofU.S.A.makeuptheideaofa'GreatAmericanNovelDosPassosisreferencedintheFugs'songAPoembyCharlesBukowski,whichcriticizeshismovetotheright.The2012AmericanHemingway&GellhornmoviedepictsDosPassosduringthemakingofapropagandafilm,TheSpanishEarth,whichheco-wrote.Publishedin2013,thenon-fictionwork'TheUnwinding'byGeorgePackermimicsthewritingstyleofthe'U.S.A.trilogy'albeitwithacontemporarycastofcharacters.DosPassosPrizeTheJohnDosPassosPrizeisawardedannuallytothebestcurrentlyunder-recognizedAmericanwriterinthemiddleoftheircareer.ThePrizewasfoundedatLongwoodUniversityin1980andismeanttohonorJohnDosPassosbyrecognizingotherwritersinhisname.JohnDosPassosRepresentativeWorksU.S.ATrilogyU.S.AaTrilogy《北纬四十二度》《一九一九年》《赚大钱》(1930)(1932)(1936)The42ndParallel1919TheBigMoneyU.S.ATrilogyThetrilogypresentsanear-authenticfictionalhistoryoftheevolutionofAmericawhichbeganfromtheGildedAge.Thesewereyearsinwhichthesocialistmovementsuffereddefeat,andindustrialistsandfinanciersandbigbusinessmenemergedwinners.JohnDosPassosPublishedin1930.The42ndParallelcoverstheperiodinwhichAmericaemergedasanindustrialgiant,the“machine”whichwastodominateandimpedethefreegrowthofindividuallives.The42ndParallelJohnDosPassosPublishedin1932.1919isarecordoftheFirstWorldWar,acontinuationofthe“depersonalizing”processthathadbeengoingonasnarratedinthefirstbook,andapreparationfordocumentingtheboomingtwentiesinthelast,TheBigMoney.1919JohnDosPassosPublishedin1936.TheBigMoneycompletesJohnDosPassos'sthree-volumefableofAmerica'smaterialisticsuccessandmoraldecline(AmericanHeritage)andmarkstheendofoneofthemostambitiousprojectsthatanAmericannovelisthaseverundertaken(Time