国际货物运输-International-Cargo-Tranport.ppt

Chapter6Objectivesthedifferentmodesoftransport,esp.oceantransportthenatureoflinertransportgeneralconsiderationsoncargotransportthevariouskindsofB/LthecontentsofthetransportclauseFocusThetimeofdeliveryShipmenttermsDifficultpointsApplicationoftransportdocuments国际贸易实务第6章Modesoftransport(oceantransport)Transportdocuments16.1.ModesofTransport6.2.GeneralConsiderationsonCargoTransport6.3.MajorTransportDocuments6.4.ClauseofShipment2ChapterSixWhatarethemajortypesoftransportation?Canyoudescribetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthemodesoftransportationyouhavementioned?Whatshouldweconsiderwhenchoosingacertainmodeoftransportation?34OverviewTransportaidstradegreatly.Bymovinggoodsfromplacesinonecountrywheretheyaresoldtoplacesinanotherwheretheyarebought,transporthelpstobringabouttherealizationofatransaction.Transportisindispensabletoimportandexportbusiness.Ininternationaltrade,boththesellerandthebuyershouldnegotiateandstipulatethetermsandconditionsoftheshipmentclause,suchasshipmentdate,portofshipmentanddestination,partialshipment,transshipment,etc.Withoutspecificstipulationsoftheshipmentclauseinthesalescontract,somedisputeswouldarisefromtheperformanceofthesalescontractandleadtoseriousoutcome.TheconceptofdeliveryThesellerdeliversthecontractedgoodsattheagreedtime,placeandintheagreedmannertothebuyer.Ininternationaltrade,thedeliveryalsomeanstotransportthenecessarydocumentsatthestipulatedtimetothebuyer.Theformeriscalledphysicaldeliveryofgoods,whichisappliedinsalesunderEtermsandDterms,whilethelateriscalledsymbolicdeliveryofgoods,whichisappliedinthesalesunderFtermsandDterms.56.1.ModesofTransport(InternationalCargoTransportation)InlandTrans.WaterTrans.ContainerTrans.River-seaCostalTrans.CombinedSeaTrans.InshoreTrans.Trans.LandBridgeTrans.Ocean-goingTrans.ICTInt’lMultimodalTrans.RailTrans.LandTrans.AirTrans.RoadTrans.PipeTrans.PostalTrans.6(1)Featuresofoceantransport(2)Operationalmodesofoceantransport(3)FreightRates71.Ocean/Sea/MarineTransportFeaturesofOceanTransportAdvantages:Theeasypassagesinceabout70%oftheearthiscoveredbywater.Largecapacity.Theunitdistributioncostreduced.Goodadaptabilitytocargoesofdifferentsize,weight,shape,etc.Disadvantages:Thelowpassageofoceantransport.Vulnerabletobadweatherandlesspunctualcomparedwithroadorairtransport.81)LinerTransport（班轮运输）Apassengerorcargovesselthatoperatesoveraregularrouteaccordingtoanadvertisedtime-table.Featuresfixedroute,ports,scheduleandrelativelyfixedfreightloadingandunloadingchargesincludedinfreightsimpleproceduresandidealforcargoofsmallquantityTypesofShippingServices92)CharterTransport租船运输（TrampShipping)不定期船运输Thepracticeofpayingmoneytoashippingcompanytousetheirboats.Muchcheaperthanthatoftheliner.Shippersmaychoosedirectroute.Widelyusedintransportingbulkcargoes.10CharterTransportVoyageCharterTimeCharterBareboatCharter.Thecharterorhiringofavesselandcrewforasinglevoyagesingletripcharter单航次租船returntripcharter来回程航次租船consecutivevoyages连续航次程租Thecharterofashipforadefiniteperiodoftime.Theshipownerisresponsibleforprovidingseaworthyshipandtherelatedcharges.Therenterhastherighttodispatchtheship,butbearallexpendituresintransit,suchaschargesforfuels,portandloading&unloading.Ashipwithoutcrewandship’smasterThechartererisresponsibleforcrewing,provisioningandfuelling,maintainingandevenpayingdifferenttaxesordutieswithinaperiodoftime,usuallyanumberofyears1112Freightisaspecialunitusedincalculatingchargesthatmustbepaidforshippingthecargo.Freightiscollectedindifferentways.Shippersshouldbefamiliarwiththeminordertoestimateandreduce,ifpossible,thecostoftransport.Oceanfreightmaybebroadlydividedintolinerfreightandcharterfreight.OceanFreightLinerFreightBasicfreightrates1）Weight重量法:foritemsmarkedwith“W”inthetariff,thefreightthereonaretobecalculatedpermetrictononweight(weightton).2)Measurement体积法:foritemsmarkedwith“M”,thefreightistobecalculatedpercubicmeteronmeasurementofthecargo(measurementton).3)AdVal.从价法:foritemsmarkedwith“ADVal.”,thefreightistobecalculatedonthebasisofthepriceorvalueofthecargoconcerned.Forsomevaluablegoodslikegold,silver,expensivefur,usually1-5%oftheprice.4)WeightorMeasurement，W/MorAdval，W/Mplusadval（选择法）5）PerHead、PerUnit（按件法）6）OpenRate议定法13Surchargesbunkersurcharge/bunkeradjustmentfactor(B.A.F.燃料附加费)devaluationsurcharge/currencyadjustmentfactor(C.A.F.货币贬值附加费)transshipmentsurchargedirectadditionalheavyliftadditionalportadditional/portsurchargeportcongestionsurchargedeviationsurcharge(绕航附加费)14Howtocalculatelinerfreight1.Selectrelevantfreightlist/freighttariff2.Determinethefreightbasisandclassofthegoods3.Findthebasicfreightinthefreightgradeslistaccordingtothesailingroute,portofshipmentanddestination4.Findthetypesofreceivablesurcharges5.Addsurchargestobasicratetogetactualfreight6.freight=actualfreightxfreightton15CharterfreightThefreightrateforcharterisusuallychargedbyquantitiesofthegoodscarriedandfluctuateswithmarketconditionsofsupplyanddemand.1)Linerterms/grossterms(班轮条件):thefreightincludesloadingandunloadingcharges.Theshipownershallberesponsibleforloadingandunloadi