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1常见情态动词讲解一、情态动词的定义:情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化;它的后面必须跟动词原形。二、情态动词的种类:情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够,会can’t不能,不会could能够,会couldn’t不能,不会may可以//must必须mustn’t不允许,不能shall将,要shan’t将不要should应该shouldn’t不应该need需要needn’t不必would将会,愿wouldn’t不会,不愿三、情态动词的用法及主要句型:1、CanIhelpyou?——Yes,please./No,thanks.2、Can+主语+动词原形?Yes,~can.No,~can’t.3、CanIborrowyourbook?----Yes,ofcourse.4、CanIwriteonthebook?------No,youcan’t\mustn’t.5、Could\Canyouhelpme?----Yes,ofcourse.\Certainly.\Sure.6、Could\CanyoutellmethewaytotheZoo?7、MayIcomein?-----Comein,please.8、MayIsithere?-----Yes,please.\Sorry,pleasedon’t.9、MayIhavesomeCoke?----Yes,ofcourse.10、May/Could/CanIspeaktoTom?-----Speaking.Who’scalling?11、should、shouldn’t表示劝告:1)Heshouldgetupearly.2)Sheshouldn’tplaycomputergametoomuch.12、Should+主语+动词原形?Yes,~should.\No,~shouldn’t.13、表示建议“你愿意…吗”---Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?2---Yes,I’dloveto./I’dloveto.ButI’mbusynow.14、就餐用语Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat\drink?----Yes,I’dlike…15、shall用于第一人称(I,we),可以表示“将”和表示建议“……好吗?”1)Whereshallwehavedinner?2)Shallwegofishing?-----Allright.\OK.\Goodidea.16、Must+主语+动词原形?---Yes,~must.\No,~needn’t.四.常见情态动词的区别:1.can(could)1)表示能力,could主要指过去时间。Twoeyescanseemorethanone.两只眼比一只眼看得清。Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?这女孩上学前能识字吗?2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。Hecan´t(couldn´t)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。3)表示允许。CanIhavealookatyournewpen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Wherecan(could)theyhavegoneto?他们会去哪儿了呢?Hecan´t(couldn´t)beoversixty.他不可能超过六十岁。Howcanyoubesocareless!你怎么这么粗心!5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can(Could)youlendmeahand?帮我一把好吗?2.may(might)1)表允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.你喜欢什么就拿什么。HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedon´t./You´dbetternot./No,youmustn´t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。2)表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。Hemaybeathome.他可能在家。3Shemaynotknowaboutit.她可能不知道这件事。Theymightbehavingameeting,butI´mnotsure.他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。3.must1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。Youmustn´ttalktoherlikethat.你不可能那样对她说话。--Mustwehandinourexercise—booksnow?我们现在就要交练习本吗?--No,youneedn´t./No,youdon´thaveto.不必。(这种情况下,一般不用mustn´t)2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。4.shall1)表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。ShallIgetyousometea?我给你点茶好吗?Shalltheboywaitoutside?让那男孩在外面等吗?Whatshallwedothisevening?我们今晚做什么?2)表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。YoushalldoasIsay.按我说的做。(命令)Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告)Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心)5.will1)表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。Iwilldoanythingforyou.我愿为你做任何事。2)表请求,用于疑问句。Willyouclosethewindow?It´sabitcold.请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fishwilldieoutofwater.鱼离开水就不能活。6.should1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。Youshouldn´twasteanytime.你不应该浪费时间。42)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。Theyshouldbehomebynow.照说他们现在应当已经到家了。7.would1)表意愿。IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?再来杯啤酒好吗?3)表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。相关练习(一)用适当的情态动词填空。1.MustIborrowthebookwithmyIDcard?No,you________.2.________Iuseyourcar?Yes,you________.3.________Igohomenow?No,you_________stayhere.4.Mymotherisill.I_________stayathomeandlookafterher.5.________youlikesometea?6.You________takemoreexercise.7.________youtellmehowtogettotheQingyunPark?8.Theclock________tellusthetime.9.________youliketogofishingwithme?10.________weplayfootballthisafternoon?(二)按要求改写句子。1.Icanrunfast.I________________fast.(否定句)2.Youmustreturnthebooknow.(一般疑问句)________Ithebooknow?No,you________.3.Hecanplaybasketballwell.(一般疑问句)_______he______basketballwell?4.Theymusttakethebooksoutoftheroom.(否定句)5They________________thebooksoutoftheroom.5.Heshouldgetupearly.(否定句)He_______getuplate.(三)单项选择。()1.youlikesomemilk?A.WouldB.CouldC.Can()2.Wepicktheflowerinthepark.A.can’tB.don'tC.mustn’t()3.Weshouldmoretrees,andweshouldn’tcutanytrees.A.plantB.plantingC.plants()4.MayIhavesomecoffee?A.Yes,youhave.B.Yes,youcan.C.Yes,certainly.()5.Shallwevisitthefactory?A.Yes,wedo.B.Yes,weshall.C.Allright.()6.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?A.Yes,wewould.B.Yes,I’dlikesomecakes.C.Yes,ofcourse.()7.WhatcanIdoforyou?A.Yes,youcan.B.No,Icandoit.C.Yes.I’dlikesomeoranges.(四)根据所学情态动词,填写适当形式。1)________youliketogofishingwithme?2)________Igohomenow?No,you_________stayhere.3)You________takemoreexercise.4)Theclock________tellusthetime.5)________youtellmehowtogettotheQingyunPark?6)Mymotherisill.I_________stayathomeandlookafterher.7)________youlikesometea?8)MustIborrowthebookwithmyIDcard?No,you________.9)________Iuseyourcar?Yes,you________.10)________weplayfootballthisafternoon?(五)对划线部分提问。1.Wemustn'tpicktheflowersinthepark.62.Weshouldplantmoretrees.3.Iwouldyoulikesomecakestoeat?4.Shecouldswimfiveyearsago.5.Weshouldprotectanimalsbecausetheyareourgoodfriends.6.Tomcouldgotothecinema(电影院)withhissister.(六)圈出正确答案。1)Lucyshouldherhomeworknow.A.finishesB.finishingC.finishedD.finish2)Mymotherwouldbacksoon.A
本文标题:常见情态动词讲解
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