人教版英语必修一unit4重要知识点及练习

人教版高一英语必修一第四单元Earthquake重点词组及练习1.burstinto+n=burstoutdoing突然·····起来burstintotears=burstoutcrying2.asisknowntoeverybody总所周知3.beinjured受伤4.cutacross穿过横穿5.asusual像往常一样6.giveout散发出精疲力竭7.insteadof代替8.giveaspeech演讲9.putupshelters搭建避难10.bepleasedtodosth.乐意做某事11.beproudof以·····而自豪12.thenumberof·····的数量13.intheopenair在户外14.rightaway立刻15.inruins破败不堪成废墟16.digout掘出17.atanend终结18.anumberof许多大量的19.too·····to·····太·····而不能20.tensofthousandsof成千上万的21.betrappedin=becaughtin被困在·····中22.all·····not·····=notall·····并非所有·····都23.tothenorthof=northof在·····的北面24.berescuedfrom被从·····解救出25.beburied被埋葬被埋藏26.buryoneselfin=beburiedin专心于，埋头于27.thinklittleof评价不高thinkhighlyof赞许给予较高评价28.asif仿佛29.be/getshocked震惊30.atanend终结1、Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrashedandburst.城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。burst爆裂,突发用法归纳：Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburstwithjoy.我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。Thepoliceburstthroughthedoor.警察破门而入。Therewasaburstoflaughterinthenextroom.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。联想扩展：(1)burstinon…突然打断Heburstinonourconversation.他突然打断了我们的谈话。(2)burstinto+n.突然…Thespeakerburstintoangryspeech.演讲者突然讲粗话。(3)burstout+doing突然…Thewomanburstoutcryinglikeachild.那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。2.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受伤。injuryn.伤害易混辨析：injure;hurt;wound;harm伤害injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。hurt既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly,slightly,seriously等连用；但若果指精神上的创伤，只能用verymuch,rather/deeply。wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。可以是肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的创伤。harm表示引起对身体、物质或精神上的损害，常指伤害人的肉体，损坏东西以及损害健康、品质、事业等。即时活用：1、Didyousaythatourneighbor______intheaccident?A.badlyhurtedB.wasbadlyhurtedC.hadbadlyhurtedD.wasbadlyhurt2、Mychest_____whenItakeadeepbreath,doctor.A.hurtsB.woundsC.harmsD.injure3、Theoldladydiedfromthe_____onherhead;shewas_______whencleaningwindowsontheladderwhenshefelloffit.A.injury;injuredB.wound;woundC.wounded;hurtD.hurt;injured5、Thebusdriverwasbadly___onbothlegsinthetrafficaccident.A.woundedB.brokenC.injuredD.destroyed3.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!【短语归纳】与end搭配的常用短语：cometoanendvi.结束（用作谓语）bring/putsth.toanendvt.结束；制止attheendof在…尽头（末）（指时间或空间）bytheendof到…末为止（现在完成时连用）bytheendoflast...（与过去完成时连用）bytheendofnext...（用于将来完成时）intheend最后，终于（作状语）onend连续totheend到底withoutend没完没了的【随堂练习】用attheendof,bytheendof和intheend填空。（1）HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearned____________lastterm?（2）Hebecameanoutstandingdoctor___________.（3）MyunclewillflytoChina_________thisyear.Itseemed+that从句是一个句型，表示“看起来好象”。eg:Itseemedthathedidn'tnoticethis.看起来他好象没注意这件事。asif是连词词组，意为“好像、好似”，相当于asthough，一般用于句型Itlooks/seemsasif...中，其意思是“看起来好像……”。如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实一致，则保持正常时态。eg:1.Thereisalotofcloud.Itseemsasifit'sgoingtorain.有这么多乌云，看起来好象要下雨了。（是事实，不用虚拟）2.Sheissokindtome.Itseemsasifsheweremymother.她对我非常好，看起来好象她是我的母亲。（事实上不是，与现在事实相反）sb.作主语时，seem后常跟adj.作表语。eg:Heseemedalittleangry.他看起来有点生气。4.、Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.（1）n.残垣断壁；废墟（名词时常用复数）Thecitylayinruinsafteryearsofbombing.（2）v.毁灭；使破产Thehurricaneruinedallthehouseshere.【拓展】beinruins呈一片废墟fallintoruin变成废墟cometoruin毁灭，落空ruinoneself自我毁灭bringsb.toruin使毁灭5.shockvt．&vi．(使)震动，震惊；(使)受电击n．打击；震惊；震动[C]令人震惊的人或事Peoplewereshocked.(回归课本P26)①1wasshockedtoseehimalone．我很吃惊地发现他独自一人。②Ifelttheshockastheaircrafthittheground．飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下。③Ifyoutouchthislivewire，you’11getashock．如果触摸这条带电的电线，你就会遭到电击。归纳拓展with/fromshock由于震惊shocked口办震惊的，震撼的shockingadj．令人震惊的ashockingaccident令人吃惊的事故beshockedat对……感到吃惊beshockedtodo深感意外地去做特别提示(1)shocked/surprised/amazed等的主语多为人，而shocking/surprising/amazing等的主语多为物。这两种形式的形容词辨析常在高考题中出现。如：①Theywereshockedbyherrudeness．他们对她的无礼感到震惊。②Whatashockingwasteoftime!时间的浪费多么惊人呀!(2)当表示具体的令人震惊的人或事的时候，shock是可数名词，这一点常和冠词一起考查。如：Thenewsofhismother’sdeathwasaterribleshocktohim．他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊。6Trapvt．(trapped，trapped)使陷入困境；设陷阱捕n．陷阱；困境；捕捉(动物的)夹子①Theliftbrokedownandweweretrappedinside(it)．电梯出了故障，我们被困在里面了。②Thethieveswerecaughtinapolicetrap．窃贼落人警方设的陷阱而被捕。归纳拓展(1)fallintoatrap：becaughtinatrap掉人陷阱；落人圈套betrappedin…(2)trapsbintodoingsth诱使某人做某事Bycleverquestioningtheytrappedhimintomakingaconfession．他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。7、Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.(1)n.援救，营救Thepolicecametohisrescueandpulledhimoutoftheriver（2）v.救援；拯救Herescuedaboyfromdrowning.【拓展】rescuesb./sth.fromsb./sp.把•••从•••营救出来cometo/gotosb’srescue=rescuesb.援救某人arescueteam救援队arescuemission救援任务rescueworkers救援人员【随堂练习】用rescue的适当形式填空（1）Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,_________fromthesinkingboatbyapassingship.（2）Thefiremen________fivechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.8.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(1)betrappedin陷入困境Theyweretrappendintheburningbuilding.(2)bury埋葬，掩埋beburiedin/buryoneselfin埋头于，专心于（3）thedead死者，表示一类人。形容词前加the常用来表示一类人或一类东西。eg:therich富人theyoung年轻人theold老年人thedeaf聋人theblind盲人theinjured受伤的人thenew新的东西theordinary普普通通的东西theunusual不同寻常的东西注意：the+形容词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由上下文的意思而定。如表示一类人，作复数看待；如表示抽象概念或具体的某个人时，谓语动词用单数。eg:1.Theyoungrespecttheold;theoldlovetheyoung.尊老爱幼。2.Alltheinjuredhavebeensenttohospita.所有受伤的人都已送往医院。9congratulation(n.)“祝贺”，一般要用复数形式，常与on连用。congratulationsonsth./doingsth.eg:1.Let'sofferourcongratulationsonhersuccess.对她的成功表示祝贺。2.Congratulations