英语非谓语动词

考点锁定——知识网非谓语动词作主语动词不定式和动名词可用作句子的主语。不定式表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动名词表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或动名词置于后面。Togetupearlyisnecessary.It’snoteasytoworkouttheproblem.Findingworkisdifficultthesedays.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.非谓语动词作宾语动词不定式和动名词可用作宾语。①afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等动词后要接不定式作宾语。Hefailedtoattractherattention.②come，get，grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。Shehasahottemper，butyouwillgrowtolikeher.③admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等动词后要接动名词作宾语。Iadmitbreakingthewindow.④burstout，can’tstand，endup，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，havefun等短语后要接动名词作宾语。Hedidn’twanttoendupgoinghomealone.⑤下列动词或短语后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义上有所不同。Remembertoposttheletterformeonyourwaytoschool.请你在上学的路上记住替我把这封信寄出去。IrememberturningoffthelightbeforeIlefttheoffice.我记得在离开办公室前关上了灯。⑥动词like，love，prefer，hate，continue等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但如表示经常性的动作要用动名词，如表示具体的行为要用不定式。Ilikeswimming，butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.注：在prefer...to...结构中用动名词，而在prefer...ratherthan...结构中则用不定式。Ipreferwalkingtheretotakingabus.Iprefertowalkthereratherthantakeabus.⑦动词need，require，want作“需要”解时，其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此相同用法的动词还有deserve“值得”。Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.⑧形容词worth后要接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，它不同于worthy的用法。TheSummerPalaceisworthvisiting.TheSummerPalaceisworthyofbeingvisited/tobevisited.⑨介词后一般要接动名词作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。Uponarrivingattheairport，hedeliveredanimportantspeech.Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.⑩动词如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。Hefounditdifficulttoworkouttheproblem.非谓语动词作宾语补足语动词不定式和分词用作宾语补足语。①tell,want,wish,advise,order,get,require,expect,remind,persuade,encourage,convince使确信,force,beg,allow,forbid等动词后可接不定式作宾语补足语。Mydoctoradvisedmetotakearest.②使役动词have，let，make等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。Ilikehimbecausehemakesmelaugh.③感官动词feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe，listento，lookat等后面可接不带to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语。Didyounoticeanyonegointothehouse?④have，keep，leave，find，catch，send等动词后可接现在分词作宾语补足语。Shekeptmewaitingforover20minutes.⑤want,like,wish,order,have,make,get,keep,leave,see,hear,find,feel,notice,observe,watch等动词后还可接过去分词作宾语补足语。IwishtheofficepaintedwhitebeforeImovein.非谓语动词作定语动词不定式、动名词和分词可用作定语。①不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。Ihavealotofthingstodotoday.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.②不定式作定语时有时要用主动形式表示被动意思。Doyouhaveanythingtotakehome?③动名词作定语通常表示中心词的用途。Hehadaveryexpensivewalkingstick.④现在分词作定语，通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系，且分词动作正在发生；过去分词则表示被动关系，且分词动作已经完成或陈述中心词的状态。DoyouknowthemantalkingtoTom?Doyouknowallthepeopleinvitedtotheparty?Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.非谓语动词作状语动词不定式和分词可用作状语。①不定式可用作目的状语。Hesatdowntohavearest.②不定式在下列结构中作结果状语。adj./adv.＋enough＋todo...too＋adj./adv.todo...so＋adj./adv.＋astodo...Hewassocarelessastoforgettolockthedoor.③不定式可用来表示意想不到的结果，还可用onlytodo结构。Heleft，nevertoreturn.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.④不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。Tobehonest，Iknownothingaboutit.⑤分词可用作时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语。当分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系时，用现在分词；如是被动关系，要用过去分词。Shegothome，feelingexhausted.Shegothome,exhausted.⑥现在分词还可作评注性状语，表示说话人的态度，此时现在分词与句子的主语无关。常见的说法有:generallyspeaking“一般来说”；franklyspeaking“坦白地说”；judgingfrom...“根据……来判断”；considering...“考虑到……”等。Judgingfromhisaccent，heisCanadian.非谓语动词作表语动词不定式、动名词和分词可用作表语。Thefirststepistocheckthevictim’sbreathing.Myhobbyisgrowingflowers.Thisexperienceisthrilling.Hewasthrilledatthesightofthescene.非谓语动词的几种特殊结构①不定式的复合结构“for/of＋名词(代词)＋不定式”构成不定式的复合结构。It’sexpensiveforpeopletouseelectricityforcooking.It’scarelessofyoutomakesuchamistake.②动名词的复合结构动名词之前有时要加上自己的逻辑主语构成复合结构，逻辑主语可用名词的所有格或物主代词，有时也可用名词或宾格代词。Ican’timagineGeorgesailingacrosstheoceaninaboat.Mycomingbackhomelatemademymotherveryangry.③分词的独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,就要给分词加上自己的主语,构成独立主格结构。Weatherpermitting，we’llplaygolfthisafternoon.Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.④“疑问词＋不定式”结构Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.⑤with的复合结构InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeetpointingatanotherperson.Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedback.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft，wearrivedatthestation.非谓语动词的时态和语态①不定式的时态和语态Herefusedtobetakenabroad.Ithappenedtoberaininghardwhentheaccidentoccurred.Heisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.Noharmseemstohavebeendone.②动名词的时态和语态Hewentawaywithoutsayinganything.Henarrowlyescapedbeingdrowned.I’msorryforhavingwastedsomuchofyourtime.IforgothavingbeengivenaChristmasgiftyearsago.③现在分词的时态和语态Notknowingheraddress，Iwasn’tabletocontacther.IsawhimbeingtakenawaywhenIpassedbyhishouse.Havingboughtourtickets，wewentintothetheatre.Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.