gullivers-travels-格列佛游记

JonathanSwift(1667–1745)IrishwriterandsatiristSwift'sEpitaphinLatin(translatedbyYeats)SWIFThassailedintohisrest;SavageindignationthereCannotlaceratehisbreast.Imitatehimifyoudare,World-besottedtraveller;heServedhumanliberty.“如今，狂想再也不能折磨他的心，去吧，过路人，如有可能，请你学习他的榜样，为保卫人类的自由而奋斗!”SwiftasdepictedontheIrish£10banknote,issued1976–1993.《格列佛游记》是最早被介绍到中国的英国文学名著。1872年被译作《谈瀛小录》登载于《申报》，受到读者的广泛欢迎。manysignificantpoliticalandreligiousconflicts,suchastheToriesvs.theWhigs(politicalparties),Catholicsvs.Protestants,warbetweenEnglandandIrelandandasimultaneouswarbetweenEnglandandFrance,andcontroversyovertherulingofIreland,advocatefortheindependenceofIreland.宫崎骏（MiyazakiHayao）GullivertravelsinthefourpartsofthebookLilliputLaputaBrobdingnagHouyhnhnmEconomicconflictsMostIrishpeoplewereengagedinagriculture.BritishrulersdrovenativeIrishCatholicsaway,confiscatedtheirland,andawardedthelandtotheBritishProtestants.CatholicswereprohibitedtobuylandfromProtestantchurches,unlesstheygaveuptheCatholicandconvertedtoProtestant.heavytaxationnotallowedtoteachthemothertongueoftheIrishCelticlanguageintheschool.ReligiousconflictsReligiousreformation1692,allowednoIrishCatholicstotakepartintheParliamentCatholics’goingabroadasillegalact.aseriesofharshdecreestopunishtheIrishCatholics.AModestProposalWhenbendingmyeyesdownwardasmuchasIcould,Iperceivedahumannotsixincheshigh!Firstvoyage---LilliputThekingofLilliputsatire＊rope-dancers:corruptofthegovernment:howtochooseofficials＊partystrugglebetweenTramecksanandSlamecksan(theWhigsandtheTories):highandlowheelsontheirshoes＊Warsduetoquarrelsontwowaysofbreakingeggs(religiouscontroversiesbetweenCatholicsandProtestants)＊kingdesiredthathewouldremainthesolemonarchofthewholeworld:satireofEngland’sinvasionofothercountries＊thelanguagesofbothempiresdifferingwithcontemptforthatoftheirneighbor:Englang’scolonizationofIreland＊theirmannerofwritingbeingneitherfromthelefttotheright,liketheEuropeans,norfromtherighttotheleft,liketheArabians,norfromuptodown,liketheChinese,butfromonecornerofthepapertotheother,likeladiesinEngland＊satireofeducationSecondvoyage---BrobdingnagGulliversatire＊theKingisstruckwithhorrorsofGulliver’ssociety:corruption,bribery,injustice,wars,allthevices＊simplelaw(nomorethantheir22letters):ironyofEnglishseverelawonIrishpeopleThirdvoyage---Laputasatire＊punishmentofuprising:BritishoppressionofIrishuprising＊Balnibarbi:buildinghousefromtherooftobottom,blindmenmixcolors,spiderreplacingsilkworm:satireoftheabsent-mindedscientistswhodomeaninglessresearches＊Tribnia,Langdon,fullofdiscoverers,witnesses,informers,accusers,prosecutors,evidences,swearers…Ifanytownshouldengageinrebellionormutiny,fallintoviolentfactions,orrefusetopaytheusualtribute,thekinghastwomethodsofreducingthemtoobedience.Thefirstandthemildestcourseis,bykeepingtheislandhoveringoversuchatown,andthelandsaboutit,wherebyhecandeprivethemofthebenefitofthesunandtherain,andconsequentlyafflicttheinhabitantswithdearthanddiseases:andifthecrimedeserveit,theyareatthesametimepeltedfromabovewithgreatstones,againstwhichtheyhavenodefencebutbycreepingintocellarsorcaves,whiletheroofsoftheirhousesarebeatentopieces.Butiftheystillcontinueobstinate,oroffertoraiseinsurrections,heproceedstothelastremedy,bylettingtheislanddropdirectlyupontheirheads,whichmakesauniversaldestructionbothofhousesandmen.Finalvoyage---HouyhnhnmInthecountryofHouyhnhnmHouyhnhnmHorseYahooInHouyhnhnm’slanguageThereisnoevil,nolie,noillness,nopower,nowar,nogovernment,nolaw,nopunishmentandthousandsofotherthingsthatexistsinoursociety.satire＊intelligenthorses:noble,allgoodandadmirablequalities＊Yahoos:low,vile,nobetterthanbeastshumanbeings＊fleshbebread,orbreadbeflesh;whetherthejuiceofacertainberrybebloodorwine:指基督教关于使化体（使圣餐面包和酒变成耶稣的肉和血）的辩论＊whetherwhistlingbeaviceoravirtue:关于教堂礼拜时是否奏乐的辨论＊whetheritbebettertokissapost(cross),orthrowitintothefire;whatisthebestcolourforacoat,whetherblack,white,red,orgray;andwhetheritshouldbelongorshort,narroworwide,dirtyorclean;withmanymore:关于十字架和教士衣着的辨论＊reasonsofwarsselectivereadingartofsatire:howdoestheauthorironizeandsymbolizetheproblemsofEnglishsociety1)Howcanthelawintendedtoprotecteveryoneeventuallyruinhim?2)WhatdoyouthinkthelawyersinHouyhnhnms?3)DoyouthinkHouyhnhnmsisanidealcountry?Whyorwhynot?summaryEachpartisthereverseoftheprecedingGulliverisbig/small/sensible/ignorantthecountriesaresophisticated/simple/scientific/naturalformsofGovernmentareworse/better/worse/betterthanEngland's.combinationofUtopianandDystopiantradition★Proto-sciencefiction早期科幻作品MaryShelley(Frankenstein),H.G.Wells(TheWaroftheWorlds),Doyle(TheLostWorld),C.S.Lewis(TheChroniclesofNarnia),J.G.Ballard(TheDraunedWorld,TheBurningWorld,TheCrystalWorld),Tolkien(TheLordoftheRings),J.K.Rowling(HarryPotter)★比较学习《镜花缘》、《聊斋志异•罗刹海市》、《猫城记》、《老残游记》、《儒林外史》芥川龙之介《河童》，夏目漱石《我是猫》罗刹海市马骥大罗刹国相关期刊论文讽刺艺术与《镜花缘》、《西游记》、《猫城记》等的比较研究译本、翻译研究