关于社会信任制度系统的研究__中国社会信任危机的根

重庆大学硕士学位论文关于社会信任制度系统的研究——中国社会信任危机的根源和对策姓名：杜平申请学位级别：硕士专业：技术经济及管理指导教师：王勇20060401IIIABSTRACTInthispaper,westudythetrustfromsocialinstitutionsystem.Thetrustissomeone’ssubjectiveexpectationthatsomeonehasgiventraitorwilltakegivenactionwhentheyrestrictinthegivencircumstanceandinstitutionsystem.Thepaperproposesapointofviewthatinstitutionsystemisbasicoftrust,wherefrominstitutionsystem’scellcellularrule.Wedeeplyresearchsocialtrustinstitutionsystem.Inthisresearchframe,thepaperfirstlydiscussesthedifferencesbetweenChinesesocialtraditionaltrustinstitutionandHesperiansocialtraditionaltrustinstitution.ThepapersecondlydiscussestheprimecausationwhichcausestheseveresocialtrustcrisisinChina,anddeducesthecountermeasurewhichovercomestheseveresocialtrustcrisis.Thecellular-ruleiscellofinstitutionsystem.Itprescriptanddirectsocialmembers’behaviortodosomethingandnottodosomething.Thesocialmemberswillbepunishedwhentheydisobeycellular-rule.Accordingtothedifferencesofthemodeofpunishment,therearethreekindsofenforcementmodeofcellular-ruletheself-enforcementmode,dispersive-spontaneityenforcementmodeandcentralized-forceenforcementmode.Theoptimumsocialtrustinstitutionsystemisdeterminedbytheselectionmodelofcellular-ruleenforcementmode.Accordingtotheselectionmodelofcellular-ruleenforcementmode,socialtrustinstitutionsystemconsistsofthreerulelayersself-enforcementrule,dispersive-spontaneityenforcementruleandcentralized-forceenforcementrule.Socialmember’sbehaviorrestrictinsocialtrustinstitutionsystemwhichishierarchicalsystem,itresultinmaintainandincreasesocialtrust.Chinesetraditionalsocialtrustframeispatriarchalclansystem,whichwashierarchicalsystem.Therelationofpeoplewasharmonizedbytheethicalrule,whichisfromconsanguinityandpatriarchalclansystem.Thereforethecellular-ruleisethicalrule.Cellular-rule’senforcementmodeismainlyself-enforcementmodeanddispersive-spontaneityenforcementmode.Inthecommunity,thedegreeoftrustishigh,andradiusoftrustissmall.Hesperiantraditionalsocialtrustframeisorganizationsodality,whichishorizontalsystem.Therelationofpeoplewasharmonizedbylawandreasonwhichisfromequalityandfreedom.Toavoidbiasofindividualsensibility,cellular-rule’senforcementmodeismainlycentralized-forceenforcementmode.Inthecommunity,thedegreeoftrustislowIIIandradiusoftrustislarge.Chineseseveresocialtrustcrisisisessentiallysocialtrustfulmaladjustmentbecauseinstitutionsystemstransfer.Itultimatelyresultsfromshortageeffectualsocialtrustinstitutionsystem.Toresolvetheseveresocialtrustcrisis,wemustcreatethenew-styleinternalinstitutionandenhancetheexternalinstitution.Keyword:Trust,Cellular-rule,Socialtrustinstitutionsystem,Socialtrustcrisis1111.113001.4%[1]200123.0536.86%38.8195.61%5.1620004[2]20051011“”121.220501990AcademyofManagementJournal1995(SmithCarroll&Ashford1995)[3]AcademyofManagementReview1998(Rousseau,Sitkin,Burt,&Camerer,1998)[4](19951319971995[5][6](2000)[7]([8])MaxWeber[9]Hazlitt[1964]1968[10]Gambetta[11]:14forwardignoranceprimordialfearBuchanananddiPierro,1980[12]aprescriptiveABbproscriptiveSimons,[1936]1948[13]2522.1()[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21](confidence)Gambetta[11]:(Sabel)[22]:(NirmalyaKumar)[23]:().(Rotter)[24](Wrightsman)[15]()(generalizedexpectancy);(Deutsch)[25](Lewis)(Weigert)[26](rationality)(emotionality)26(cognitivetrust)(emotionaltrust)2-1(context)2.22-2272-3[27](Fukuyama):2-42-1()[28][29][30]2-128();[15].2.32-22-2292.42.4.1[31][9]?:;[32][33]210()()2.4.2[34](Arrow)[35](1972)()2.4.3211[36][37]Boon&Holmes,1991):;;[38](Powel1990)Williamson[39]212Williamson(privateordering)R.Rhodes)[40]()3133(Willamson,1993)[41],,cognitiveoverloadHazlitt1988[42]3.13-13.23143.33.3.13153.3.23.3.331612γ()tfy,σ=0σ0σ0≥∂∂σy022≤∂∂σyCγ()tgC,σ=C/Y1c2c1σCYσ3-13170≥∂∂σc022≥∂∂σc()()tgtf,,σσ−3-1σσ∂∂=∂∂cy12CC1C1σabc()cbah,,=σ0≥∂∂aσ022≤∂∂aσ0≥∂∂bσ022≤∂∂bσ0≥∂∂cσ022≤∂∂cσSTAcba=++)(0≥a0≥b0≥c()1,,maxσσ==cbahdccdbbdaad∂∂+∂∂+∂∂=σσσσα=aβ=bχ=cχβασσσ===∂∂=∂∂=∂∂cbacba3.3.43-2318()σgC=()σfy=1σ2σ2σC/Y1c2c1σCYσ3-23193.43.4.13-33-3320123213/19203.4.23223-43-43233.5()cbah,,=σ42444.1425[42]426[42][42]4274.2[43]4.2.1:;();()428()?()()4-14-1429():[44][45][45]4304-24.2.24-2431()[46]()5[47]:432[48][49]4-34-3433[50][51]()[52](JamesMadison):[53][54]::();[55]18(ThomasPaine):[56]:[57]434:(checkandbalancewitheachother)4-44.34-44354364.44.4.15[58]437CEO[13][59]4.4.22001Qwest43843954055.15.1.15415.1.2199928316650200023.0536.86%20042432.5“”2001420041011113701370200062337135856398%542ST2080198912401994600080%20900.25%0.5%5%1020199746006.1%2000533816.337143984050%543199319961994200056265657923214051.3%185131.96%2001180020011760025.37%5.1.3284320011004005.1.45445.25.2.1545[1]5465.2.2547[60]5485.35495.3.1WTO5505.3.2[61]5515525.45.4.15535.4.2554[4](B3)[62](2002)[63]55565666.1()cbah,,=σ6576.2582006459[1][M]1998pp.174[2][J]20041pp.36-38[3]SmithK.G.S.J.CarrollandS.J.AshordIntra-andinter-organizationalcooperationTowardaresearchagendaAcademyofManagementJournal1995Vol.38pp.7-23.[4]RousseauD.MSitkinS.B.BurtR.S.&CamererC.(1998).NotsodifferentafterallAcross-disciplineviewoftrust.AcademyofManagementReview.199823pp.39