彼特拉克Francesco-Petrarca

‘Hedeservestobevaluedasarealman,acarefulthinker,agoodpoet.'——KilmerFatherofHumanismFrancescoPetrarcaFrancescoPetrarca(20July1304–19July1374),knowninEnglishasPetrarch,wasanItalianscholarandpoet,andoneoftheearliesthumanists.PetrarchisoftencalledtheFatherofHumanism.PetrarchwouldbelaterendorsedasamodelforItalianstylebytheAccademiadellaCrusca.Petrarch'ssonnetswereadmiredandimitatedthroughoutEuropeduringtheRenaissanceandbecameamodelforlyricalpoetry.HeisalsoknownforbeingthefirsttodeveloptheconceptoftheDarkAges.FrancescoPetrarcaTheExperience1302：October,Petrarch‘sfatherisexhiledfromFlorencetogetherwithDante(但丁).1304：July20th,PetrarchisborninArezzo(southofFlorence).1305：ThefamilymovestoIncisa,sohespenthischildhoodthere.1312：FamilymovestoAvignon.ButbecauseitisnowthehomeofthePopethereisnohousingandthefamilylivesinCarentras,asmalltownjustoutsidethecity.1319：Petrarch'smotherdies.1320：PetrarchgoestoBolognatostudylawwithGherardo.Petrarchdespisestheuntruthfulnessoflaw.1326：Petrarch'sfatherdiesandhereturnstoAvignon.Studyinglawwashisfather'swishandnowwithhisdeathPetrarchabandonsit.1327：April6th,seesLauraforthefirsttimeinthechurchofSainte-Claired'Avignon.1336：PetrarchclimbsMountVentoux.PetrarchbeginstowriteIlCanzonieresometimebetween1336and1338.1337：Petrarch'sfirstchild,Giovanniisborn.1338：PetrarchbeginstowriteAfrica.1340：PetrarchreceivedanofferforapoeticcrowningfromtheuniversityofParisandthesenateinRomeatthesametime;heacceptsRome'soffer.1341：PetrarchiscrownedpoetlaureateinRomeonEasterSunday(April8th)byOrsodell'Anguillara,aromannoble.1348：April6th,Lauradies.EitherfromtheBlackPlaguethatsameyearAvignonsuffereditsworstepidemicorofcinsumption,followingapulmonarytuberculosis（肺炎）resultingfromelevenchildbirths.71350：PetrarchandGiovanniBoccaccio（薄伽丘）meetforthefirsttime.TravelstoRomeforthejubileeYear.1352：BeginstowriteITrionfiaseriesofItalianpoemsinspiredbyhisloveforLaura.1373：PetrarchfinishesIlCanzoniere.Thefirstpartcontains263poemswrittenduringLaura'slifetimeandthesecondpartcontains103poemswrittenafterherdeath.Atotalof366,somesaysomepoemtorepresenteachdayoftheyear.1374：July19-PetrarchisfounddeadbyhisdaughterFrancesca,slumpedoverhisdeskasheworkedonyetanothergreatwork.Asonewriterputit;Hediedwithapeninhishand,andLaurainhisheart.2020/11/26PetrarchVSDante2020/11/26Theyhavemanycommonpoints1.BorninFlorence2.Downfallennoblefamily3.Startexile13024.Fulloftalent5.BecomethegreatpoetinRenaissance6.Diedatforeignland7.Havealovewithoutresultintheiryouth8.Beopenedthegatesofinspirationbytheimpossiblelove.2020/11/26DantewasborninFlorence,Italy,1265.PetrarchwasbornintheTuscancityofArezzoin1304.2020/11/26TheWhiteGuelphs(GuelfiBianchi)—Dante'sparty,ledbyVierideiCerchiTheWhiteswantingmorefreedomfromRomeTheBlackGuelphs(GuelfiNeri),TheBlackssupportingthePopeand2020/11/26theNEWLIFEtheSONGBOOK2020/11/26lovestory2020/11/26AfterPetrarchgaveuphisvocationasapriest,thesightofawomancalledLaurainthechurch.LauramayhavebeenLauradeNoves,thewifeofCountHuguesdeSade.ThereislittledefiniteinformationinPetrarch'sworkconcerningLaura,exceptthatsheislovelytolookat,fair-haired,withamodest,dignifiedbearing.LauraandPetrarchhadlittleornopersonalcontact.AccordingtohisSecretum,sherefusedhimfortheveryproperreasonthatshewasalreadymarriedtoanotherman.﹢laura2020/11/26DantesaysthathefirstmetBeatricePortinari,daughterofFolcoPortinari,atagenine,andheclaimstohavefalleninloveatfirstsight,apparentlywithoutevenspeakingtoher.Hesawherfrequentlyafterage18,oftenexchanginggreetingsinthestreet,butheneverknewherwell;ineffect,hesetanexampleofso-calledcourtlylove.2020/11/26Beatricewasdiedofillnessattheageof25Laurawasdiedoftheblackdeathin13482020/11/26Theyaredifferent1.Theattitudeoflover'sdeath2.Theirdefinitionoflove3.Thebelive2020/11/26ForPetrarchLaura'sdeathisaheavyheartattack.ForDanteBeatrice'sdeathisaelevationofspirit.Shebecamehisgod,leddinghimupwardtowardtheheavens.2020/11/26ForDante:Pursuitofthelady'sfavorhasbecomeatest,notjustofnobility,butofvirtue.Herbeautyisperfect,thefullestpossibleexamplingofnature'spowertorevealGod'screativelove.Lauraistooholytobepainted;sheisanawe-inspiringgoddess.SensualityandpassionaresuggestedratherbytherhythmandmusicthatshapethevaguecontoursoftheladyLove2020/11/26ForPetrarch:Heonlywanttopersueacommonnaturallove.2020/11/26beliefDanteItwillgivepepleasettledlifewhichchurchcooperatewithpowerfulRomanEmpire.PetrarchHenevertrustthechurch.Hebelivethatpowerfulgovernmentcanbringpeoplehappiness.彼得拉克是多情善感的人如果不多情，又怎么能够一生只爱一个人，就是在情人死后，依然缅怀不止？如果不多情，怎么可能做到见一个爱一个，甚至家里的女佣人都不放过。如果不善感？他们又怎么能够为我们留下那些脍炙人口的诗篇？呈现出许多生活细节和情感细腻深切的体验。这是不是诗人的悲哀？