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1、InterrelationshipbetweencultureandlanguageEachculturehasitsownpeculiaritiesandthrowsspecialinfluenceonthelanguagesystem.Forexample,referringtothesamecommondomesticanimal,Englishchoosestheword“dog”,whileChinesehasitsowncharacter“狗”;Chinesehasthephrase“走狗”whileEnglishhastheexpression“runningdog”,butthemeaningsattributedtothetwoexpressionsarecompletelydifferentaccordingtoChinesecultureandWesternculturerespectively.ToWesterners,“runningdog”hasapositivemeaningsincetheword“dog”,inmostcases,isassocia。
2、tedwithanimageofananimalpet-thefavoritefriend,thustheyhavethephrases“luckydog”(幸运儿),“topdog”(胜利者),“olddog”(老手),“gaydog”(快乐的人),anditisusuallyusedtodescribeeverydaylifeandbehavior,asin“Loveme,lovemydog”(爱屋及乌),“Everydoghasitsday”(凡人皆有得意日).ButinChinese“走狗”referstoalackey,anobsequiousperson.SinceChineseassociatesderogatorymeaningtothecharacter“狗”dependingontheculturaldifference,Chinesehassuchexpressionsas“狗东西”,“狗腿子”,“狗仗人势”,“狗胆包天”,“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”,“狼心狗肺”,“痛打落水狗”,“狗急跳墙”.Wecanobviouslyseethatthemeaningattribu。
3、tedtolanguageiscultural-specific.Agreatdealofcross-culturalmisunderstandingoccurswhenthe“meanings”ofwordsintwolanguagesareassumedtobethesame,butactuallyreflectdifferentculturalpatterns.SomearehumorousaswhenaTurkishvisitortotheU.S.refusedtoeatahotdogbecauseitwasagainsthisbeliefstoeatdogmeat.SomearemuchmoreseriousaswhenaFrenchcoupleonatriptoChinatooktheirpetpoodleintoarestaurantandrequestedsomedogfood.Thedogwascookedandreturnedtotheirtableonaplatter!Wecansummarizetherelationshipbetweencultureandla。
4、nguageasthefollowing:languageisakeycomponentofculture.Itistheprimarymediumfortransmittingmuchofculture.Withoutlanguage,culturewouldnotbepossible.Childrenlearningtheirnativelanguagearelearningtheirownculture;learningasecondlanguagealsoinvolveslearningasecondculturetovaryingdegrees.Ontheotherhand,languageisinfluencedandshapedbyculture.Itreflectsculture.Culturaldifferencesarethemostseriousareascausingmisunderstanding,unpleasantnessandevenconflictincross-culturalcommunication.ConclusionLanguageisama。
5、jorcomponentandsupporterofcultureaswellasaprimarytoolfortransferringmessage,whichisinextricablyboundwithculture.Learningasecondlanguagealsoinvolveslearningasecondculturetovaryingdegrees.Ontheotherhand,languageisinfluencedandshapedbyculture.Itreflectsculture.Culturaldifferencesarethemostseriousareascausingmisunderstanding,unpleasantnessandevenconflictincross-culturalcommunication.Sobothforeignlanguagelearnersandteachersshouldpaymoreattentiontoculturalcommunicationinformation.AnswerLanguageistheve。
6、rbalexpressionofculture.Cultureistheidea,customandbeliefsofacommunitywithadistinctlanguagecontainingsemantics-everythingaspeakerscanthinkaboutandeverywaytheyhaveofthinkingaboutthingsasmediumofcommunication.Forexample,theLatinlanguagehasnowordforthefemalefriendofaman(thefeminineformofamicusisamica,whichmeansmistress,notfriend)becausetheRomanculturecouldnotimagineamaleandafemalebeingequals,whichtheyconsiderednecessaryforfriendship.AnotherexampleisthatEskimoshavemanydifferenttermsforsnow...thereare。
7、nuancesthatmakeeachonedifferent.AnswerLanguageandcultureareNOTfundamentallyinseparable.Atthemostbasiclevel,languageisamethodofexpressingideas.Thatis,languageiscommunication;whileusuallyverbal,languagecanalsobevisual(viasignsandsymbols),orsemiotics(viahandorbodygestures).Culture,ontheotherhand,isaspecificsetofideas,practices,customsandbeliefswhichmakeupafunctioningsocietyasdistinct.Aculturemusthaveatleastonelanguage,whichitusesasadistinctmediumofcommunicationtoconveysitsdefiningideas,customs,beli。
8、efs,etal.,fromonememberoftheculturetoanothermember.Culturescandevelopmultiplelanguages,orborrowlanguagesfromotherculturestouse;notallsuchlanguagesareco-equalintheculture.Oneofthemajordefiningcharacteristicsofacultureiswhichlanguage(s)aretheprimarymeansofcommunicationinthatculture;sociologistsandanthropologistsdrawlinesbetweensimilarculturesheavilybasedontheprevalentlanguageusage.Languages,ontheotherhand,canbedeveloped(orevolve)apartfromitsoriginatingculture.Certainlanguagehavescopeforcross-cultu。
9、raladaptationsandcommunication,andmaynotactuallybepartofanyculture.Additionally,manylanguagesareusedbydifferentcultures(thatis,thesamelanguagecanbeusedinseveralcultures).Languageisheavilyinfluencedbyculture-asculturescomeupwithnewideas,theydeveloplanguagecomponentstoexpressthoseideas.Thereverseisalsotrue:thelimitsofalanguagecandefinewhatisexpressibleinaculture(thatis,thelimitsofalanguagecanpreventcertainconceptsfrombeingpartofaculture).Finally,languagesarenotsolelydefinedbytheirdevelopingculture。
10、(s)-mostmodernlanguagesareamalgamationsofotherpriorandcurrentlanguages.Thatis,mostlanguagesborrowwordsandphrases(loanwords)fromotherexistinglanguagestodescribenewideasandconcept.Infact,inthemodernvery-connectedworld,onceonelanguagemanufacturesanewwordtodescribesomething,thereisaverystrongtendencyforotherlanguagestostealthatworddirectly,ratherthanmanufactureauniqueoneitself.TheEnglishlanguageisastellarexampleofathieflanguage-bysomeaccounts,over60%oftheEnglishlanguageisofforeignorigin(i.e.thoseword。
本文标题:the-relationship-between-language-and-culture
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